Evolutionary Dynamics of Multiple Sublineages of H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Nigeria from 2006 to 2008

Fusaro, Alice; Nelson, Martha I.; Joannis, Tony M.; Bertolotti, Luigi; Monne, Isabella; Salviato, Annalisa; Olaleye, O.D.; Shittu, Ismaila; Sulaiman, Lanre; Lombin, L.H.; Capua, Ilaria; Holmes, Edward C.; Cattoli, Giovanni

doi:10.1128/jvi.02385-09

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The co-circulation of multiple genetically distinct sublineages has been reported previously in Nigeria as a major new subclade that was phylogenetically distinguishable from all previously identified sublineages, as well as two novel reassortment events [15]. The co-circulation of multiple sublineages has also been recorded in many countries, such as China [46], Vietnam [34], Indonesia [29] and Thailand [43].…”

Section: Hpai H5n1 Viruses Intomentioning

confidence: 92%

Evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Egypt indicating progressive adaptation

Arafa¹,

Suarez

Kholosy³

et al. 2012

Arch Virol

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the H5N1 subtype was first diagnosed in poultry in Egypt in 2006, and since then the disease became enzootic in poultry throughout the country, affecting the poultry industry and village poultry as well as infecting humans. Vaccination has been used as a part of the control strategy to help to control the disease. Epidemiological data with sequence analysis of H5N1 viruses is important to link the mechanism of virus evolution in Egypt. This study describes the evolutionary pattern of Egyptian H5N1 viruses based on molecular characterization for the isolates collected from commercial poultry farms and village poultry from 2006 to 2011. Genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was done by sequencing of the full-length H5 gene. The epidemiological pattern of disease outbreaks in Egyptian poultry farms seems to be seasonal with no specific geographic distribution across the country. The molecular epidemiological data revealed that there are two major groups of viruses: the classic group of subclade 2.2.1 and a variant group of 2.2.1.1. The classic group is prevailing mainly in village poultry and had fewer mutations compared to the originally introduced virus in 2006. Since 2009, this group has started to be transmitted back to commercial sectors. The variant group emerged by late 2007, was prevalent mainly in vaccinated commercial poultry, mutated continuously at a higher rate until 2010, and started to decline in 2011. Genetic analysis of the neuraminidase (NA) gene and the other six internal genes indicates a grouping of the Egyptian viruses similar to that obtained using the HA gene, with no obvious reassortments. The results of this study indicate that HPAI-H5N1 viruses are progressively evolving and adapting in Egypt and continue to acquire new mutations every season.

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Section: Hpai H5n1 Viruses Intomentioning

confidence: 92%

Evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Egypt indicating progressive adaptation

Arafa¹,

Suarez

Kholosy³

et al. 2012

Arch Virol

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“…It is interesting to note that, no reports of genotype VII have been documented in West Africa in spite of the transborder movements of poultry and poultry products which take place legally and illegally across the regions and continents. In addition to migration of wild birds which have been identified as possible sources of introduction of avian influenza [36]. The none detection of this genotype could be as a result of poor surveillance system which exists in Nigeria as well as the sub-region as a whole.…”

Section: Challenges and Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

2016

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Over the years, Newcastle disease (ND) has defied all available control measures. The disease has remained at the forefront of infectious diseases afflicting poultry production after avian influenza. Despite the continuous global use of million doses of ND vaccine annually, the causative pathogen, avian paramyxovirus type 1 also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has continued to evolve causing, even more, a threat not only to the unvaccinated but the vaccinated flocks inclusive. The disease has been well studied in the developed countries where the virus is found in circulation. However, limited information exists on the epizootiology and circulating genotypes of the virus in developing countries where the majority of the flocks are raised on the extensive management system. Identification of virulent NDV in apparently healthy free-range ducks in this system calls for concern and pragmatic approach to investigate factor(s) that favour the virus inhabiting the ducks without clinical manifestation of the disease. Recently, novel genotypes (XIV, XVII, and XVIII) with peculiarity to West and Central African countries have been discovered and due to lack or poor surveillance system possibility of hitherto unreported genotypes are likely. This review elucidates and discusses available literature on the diversity of the circulating NDV genotypes across the West Africa countries and the epizootiology (molecular) of the disease in Nigeria with the view of identifying gaps in knowledge that can assist in the development of effective vaccines and control strategies to combat the peril of the disease.

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“…In 2005, thousands of migratory aquatic birds died in the Qinghai Lake area due to H5N1 virus infection (5,6). The H5N1 viruses of the Qinghai Lake lineage subsequently spread to Europe and Africa (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). This wide dissemination of the Qinghai Lake H5N1 viruses exacerbated the global prevalence of avian H5N1 influenza viruses and greatly contributed to the increase in human cases of H5N1 influenza virus infection (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Complex Reassortment of Multiple Subtypes of Avian Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks at the Dongting Lake Region of China

Deng

Dai

Shi

et al. 2013

J Virol

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bTo gain insight into the ecology of avian influenza viruses (AIV), we conducted active influenza virus surveillance in domestic ducks on farms located on the flyway of migratory birds in the Dongting Lake region of Hunan Province, China, from winter 2011 until spring 2012. Specimens comprising 3,030 duck swab samples and 1,010 environmental samples were collected from 101 duck farms. We isolated AIV of various HA subtypes, including H3, H4, H5, H6, H9, H10, H11, and H12. We sequenced the entire coding sequences of the genomes of 28 representative isolates constituting 13 specific subtypes. When the phylogenetic relationships among these isolates were examined, we observed that extensive reassortment events had occurred. Among the 28 Dongting Lake viruses, 21 genotypes involving the six internal genes were identified. Furthermore, we identified viruses or viral genes introduced from other countries, viral gene segments of unknown origin, and a novel HA/NA combination. Our findings emphasize the importance of farmed domestic ducks in the Dongting Lake region to the genesis and evolution of AIV and highlight the need for continued surveillance of domestic ducks in this region.

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Evolutionary Dynamics of Multiple Sublineages of H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Nigeria from 2006 to 2008

Abstract: Highly pathogenic A/H5N1 avian influenza (HPAI H5N1)

Cited by 38 publications

References 34 publications

Evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Egypt indicating progressive adaptation

Evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Egypt indicating progressive adaptation

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

Complex Reassortment of Multiple Subtypes of Avian Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks at the Dongting Lake Region of China

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