Evolutionary dynamics of multilocus microsatellite arrangements in the genome of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana, with implications for other Lepidoptera

Evolutionary conserved lineage of Angela-family retrotransposons as a genome-wide microsatellite repeat dispersal agent

“…Such SSR association with a retrotransposon is in agreement with the data of Temnykh et al (2001) and Inukai (2004) on rice, of Koike et al, (2006) on wheat and barley (Ramsay et al, 1999;Vicient et al, 2005) as well as animals (Wilder and Hollocher, 2001;Meglecz et al, 2007;Van't Hof et al, 2007). In particular, the study of Ramsay et al (1999) showed an intimate association of SSRs with retrotransposons in barley.…”

“…On the basis of specific site repeat localization, our data indicated that proto-microsatellite sequences were likely to have been present in the LTR region before diversification of the Fabaceae. Such findings are supported by the study of microsatellite genesis across several species in Diptera (Wilder and Hollocher, 2001), Lepidoptera and Coleoptera ( Van't Hof et al, 2007).…”

“…These findings are reflected in the relatively high frequency of SSR transferability among legume species (Pandian et al, 2000;Gutierrez et al, 2005). The contradictory view that microsatellites are derived from repetitive (high copy number) sequences is supported by several reports in plants (Ramsay et al, 1999;Temnykh et al, 2001;Koike et al, 2006;Tero et al, 2006), insects (Wilder and Hollocher, 2001;Meglecz et al, 2007;Van't Hof et al, 2007) and nematodes (Johnson et al, 2006), suggesting a link between transposable elements and microsatellite sequence. One theory is that the transposable element harboring the proto-microsatellite sequence distributes it genome-wide by transposition and this sequence subsequently develops into a full microsatellite.…”

A Helitron-Like Transposon Superfamily from Lepidoptera Disrupts (GAAA)n Microsatellites and is Responsible for Flanking Sequence Similarity within a Microsatellite Family

“…Polymorphic microsatellite markers from Lepidoptera have been used for linkage mapping (Miao et al 2005) and population genetic studies (Reddy et al 1999;Prasad et al 2005;Malausa et al 2007), but problems often arise during genotype analyses. PCR coamplification of fragments primed at [1 microsatellite locus often occur due to the presence of multilocus microsatellites (microsatellite families) that share nucleotide sequence similarity at genome regions that flank the tandem repeat (Zhang 2004;Meglécz et al 2004; Van't Hof et al 2007). Difficulties are encountered because alleles that originate from independently segregating loci typically are scored, and render genetic markers unsuitable for population or linkage analysis (Anthony et al 2001;Fauvelot et al 2006;Anderson et al 2007).…”

“…Also, the wheat genome is composed of microsatellite loci with flanking nucleotide sequences that contain TEs (Ramsey et al 1999), whereas rice (TA) n microsatellites are a known target for the insertion of the Micron family of MITEs (Akagi et al 2001;Temnykh et al 2001). TE associations with microsatellite loci often result in molecular markers that are non-Mendelian, show PCR co-amplification of [1 locus, or weak PCR amplification due to oligonucleotide primer competition (Economou et al 1990;Zhang 2004;Meglécz et al 2004; Van't Hof et al 2007), and are problematic during the development of genetic and genomic marker loci.…”