Evolutionary dynamics drives role specialization in a community of players

Abstract

The progression of game theory from classical to evolutionary and spatial games provided a powerful means to study cooperation, and enabled a better understanding of general cooperation-promoting mechanisms. However, current standard models assume that at any given point players must choose either cooperation or defection, meaning that regardless of the spatial structure in which they exist, they cannot differentiate between their neighbours and adjust their behaviour accordingly. This is at odds with interactions among organisms in nature who are well capable of behaving differently towards different members of their communities. We account for this natural fact by introducing a new type of player—dubbed link players—who can adjust their behaviour to each individual neighbour. This is in contrast to more common node players whose behaviour affects all neighbours in the same way. We proceed to study cooperation in pure and mixed populations, showing that cooperation peaks at moderately low densities of link players. In such conditions, players naturally specialize in different roles. Node players tend to be either cooperators or defectors, while link players form social insulation between cooperative and defecting clusters by acting both as cooperators and defectors. Such fairly complex processes emerging from a simple model reflect some of the complexities observed in experimental studies on social behaviour in microbes and pave a way for the development of richer game models.

Stationary distribution and probability density function of a stochastic SVIS epidemic model with standard incidence and vaccination strategies

“… [25] , Jia et al. [26] , the impact of the main parameters of system (1.3) on the individual decision-making behavior is studied. From the expressions of and the disease persistence and extinction of system (1.3) are critically affected by the transmission rate and vaccination rate .…”

“… [25] , Jia et al. [26] studied the SIR epidemic spreading process and analyzed individual decision-making behavior. In 2002, the most classical assumption that random changes always fluctuate around some average values due to continuous disturbances in nature, adopted by Mao et al.…”

Social physics

“…A novel dynamic state has been observed between b/c ≈ k and b/c k in which cooperation and defection dynamically interchange with one another as a dominant strategy [252]. In mixed populations with both node-and link-based selection, cooperation either increases monotonically as the link-based selection becomes more prevalent [253], or there is a clear separation of roles by which node-based selection spawns cooperative clusters, while link-based selection protects these cluster from defectors [254].…”

A novel belief χ2 ${\chi }^{2}$ divergence for multisource information fusion and its application in pattern classification

“…In this case, a number of famous theories have been proposed for handing uncertain information, 18,19 such as fuzzy set theory, [20][21][22] N-soft, 23 d-number, 24 entropy-based, 25 and so on. [26][27][28][29] In this paper, it is considered that D-S evidence theory provides an effective and flexible way to deal uncertainty problems; hence, this study focuses on uncertain multisource information fusion based on Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory. 30 Specially, the BPA can express the uncertainty by means of both singleton sets and multielement sets of an object.…”

“…Then scholars are able to use this information to obtain reasonable results. In this case, a number of famous theories have been proposed for handing uncertain information, 18,19 such as fuzzy set theory, 20–22 N‐soft, 23 d‐number, 24 entropy‐based, 25 and so on 26–29 …”