Evolutionary dispersal drives the latitudinal diversity gradient of stony corals

Spano, Carlos A.; Hernández, Cristián E.; Rivadeneira, Marcelo M.

doi:10.1111/ecog.01855

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Most importantly, the northeastern coast of Australia, center of the Coral Triangle, coast of Madagascar, central areas of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, and coast of Central America and higher latitudinal regions (e.g., Japanese archipelago) were identified as coral survey priorities (Figure ) to effectively fill knowledge gaps in coral diversity. These priority areas may be consistent with macro‐ecologically important areas with evolutionary potential for coral reef diversity (Spano, Hernández, & Rivadeneira, ) or frontlines of poleward shift in coral distribution in response to global warming (Mizerek, Baird, Beaumont, & Madin, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Global distribution of coral diversity: Biodiversity knowledge gradients related to spatial resolution

Kusumoto

Costello

Kubota

et al. 2020

Ecological Research

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Biodiversity knowledge shortfalls, especially incomplete information on species distributions, can lead to false conclusions about global biodiversity patterns. Diversity estimation theory statistically uses species occurrence records and sampling completeness (coverage) to predict diversity in terms of species richness, dominance and evenness. We estimated Scleractinia coral species diversity at different spatial resolutions, based on 109,296 occurrences and range data for 697 species, using an incidence‐based Hill's numbers approach through a rarefaction and extrapolation technique. We found that spatial patterns of diversity estimates were dependent on a geographic scale. The latitudinal and longitudinal diversity gradients, particularly at finer spatial scales, differed from species range‐based coral biodiversity hotspots of previous studies. The western Indian Ocean was predicted to have the most coral species, with greater diversities than in the Indo‐Pacific Coral Triangle. We concluded that the identification of marine biodiversity hotspots is sensitive to species commission errors (from range maps) and biased sampling coverage. Moreover, estimates of the geographic distribution of species richness informed us of a set of priority areas (the northeastern coast of Australia, central Coral Triangle and coast of Madagascar) for future sampling of unknown coral species occurrence. Our findings of biogeographical survey priorities contribute to filling biodiversity shortfalls for tropical coral reefs through sampling completeness, and consequently for development of conservation planning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Global distribution of coral diversity: Biodiversity knowledge gradients related to spatial resolution

Kusumoto

Costello

Kubota

et al. 2020

Ecological Research

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“…Species latitudinal ranges also tend to be largest in the tropics, and also show weaker clustering of range limits there in other marine clades, including teleosts and corals (Jones et al ., ; Connolly et al ., ; MacPherson, ), implying the marine species often tend to follow an inverse Rapoport pattern. Although the OTT scenario predicts higher origination rates (or more time for origination) in the tropics, it does not necessarily predict narrower species ranges in the tropics ( contra Spano et al ., ) because marine species ranges can evidently expand more broadly or more rapidly in the thermally homogeneous low latitudes than in high latitudes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling of latitudinal gradients in species and genus geographic range size: a signature of clade range expansion

Tomášových

Jablonski

2016

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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Aim Clade range size is a function of species range sizes but also depends on the geographic deployment of species: clade range expansion should therefore depend partly on the tendency of a clade to produce new species. Previous work has shown empirically that species‐rich clades are more likely to expand outside their present distributions, i.e. to overcome niche conservatism, than species‐poor ones. This pattern can follow from a neutral probabilistic model of clade‐level range expansion arising from differences in net species diversification between clades. We show that predictions of this model discriminate between weaker and stronger climatic niche conservatism, and compare these predictions with range‐size patterns of marine bivalves at the species and clade (genus) level. Location Western Pacific, eastern Pacific and western Atlantic. Methods We decompose the latitudinal and thermal distribution of genera into within‐species and among‐species components. We use a neutral model in which species range expansion does not vary with latitude and descendants originate within the ranges of their ancestors (model with spatial dependency) or where descendants originate independently of ancestral ranges (model without spatial dependency). Result In accord with model predictions: (1) genus latitudinal range size is weakly related to the latitudinal range sizes of congeneric species, but strongly depends on per‐genus species richness; (2) among‐species latitudinal distances correlate positively with per‐genus species richness; and (3) genus latitudinal and thermal range sizes increase towards higher latitudes because genera that are species rich anywhere within their range increase in proportion towards higher latitudes. Main conclusions Application of the neutral probabilistic model to marine bivalves shows that tropical niche conservatism is only moderately strong, and that species diversification plays a significant role in range expansion of bivalve genera to new latitudes and climates, even when thermal range sizes and limits of congeneric species show significant correlations, and are thus conserved to some degree.

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“…These approximations allowed us to model the reseeding process for the global coral reef system, because the data mentioned above (growth rates, potential for recruitment success and time-scale of reseeding) are not available for all reefs or coral taxa. If these three aspects were incorporated, this more informed reseeding capacity would probably be much lower than what we found, because our model assumed that all coral larvae could settle and grow in any reef, despite differences in the geographical ranges of coral species (Darling et al, 2012;Hughes et al, 2002;Spano et al, 2016) and that coral colonies could grow fast enough not to be bleached again before reaching sexual maturity. The focus of our work is demographic rescue, as opposed to exploring the potential for gene flow between reefs; however, given that we are (1) using simulated dispersal probabilities, as opposed to realized dispersal probabilities, to populate our connectivity matrix;…”

Section: Caveats Of Global Modelling and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Limited spatial rescue potential for coral reefs lost to future climate warming

Greiner

Andrello

Darling

et al. 2022

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim:The aim was to determine reef connectivity and future coral cover levels under global scenarios of coral bleaching loss and potential recovery. Location: Global coral reefs.Time period: Present-day to 2100.Major taxa studied: Scleractinian coral. Methods:We used a global coral larval dispersal model that describes population connectivity among reefs at a resolution of ⅙° × ⅙° (c. 18 km × 18 km) cells. To simulate different patterns of bleaching events, we ran three scenarios at different levels of coral reef habitat loss followed by a reseeding of coral larvae from surviving reefs to simulate recovery. Results:We found a total of 604 distinct reef networks, but more than half of the world's reef cells are contained in six large coral reef networks (294-5,494 cells), whereas the rest form smaller networks. In the bleaching scenario where previously identified predicted climate refugia were maintained, initial connectivity was largely preserved even when 71% of global coral reef habitat was lost, but the relict reef cells were unable to reseed even 50% of former coral reef habitat because many of the relict reefs are in the same networks as each other. In scenarios where refugia were lost first or with random loss, less of the initial connectivity was maintained, but more widespread reseeding was possible because more reef cells within smaller networks were maintained.Main conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining functional coral reef habitat outside of predicted climate refugia to sustain connectivity globally, and suggest an important role for "stepping stone" reefs between the climate refugia.Without attention to these issues of habitat loss and connectivity, much of global coral reef habitat might not be reseeded without human intervention.

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Evolutionary dispersal drives the latitudinal diversity gradient of stony corals

Cited by 9 publications

References 73 publications

Global distribution of coral diversity: Biodiversity knowledge gradients related to spatial resolution

Global distribution of coral diversity: Biodiversity knowledge gradients related to spatial resolution

Decoupling of latitudinal gradients in species and genus geographic range size: a signature of clade range expansion

Limited spatial rescue potential for coral reefs lost to future climate warming

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