Evolutionary developmental genetics of floral symmetry: The revealing power of Linnaeus' monstrous flower

Theißen, Günter

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(200003)22:3<209::aid-bies1>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 42 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…90 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY zygomorphic flowers has been elucidated by the genetic and molecular analysis of peloric mutants (Almeida et al, 1997;Theissen, 2000), such as cycloidea in Antirrhinum (Luo et al, 1996), in which there is a reversion to radial symmetry. CYCϩ encodes a member of the TCP family of transcription factors (Cubas et al, 1999b) and shows homology to teosinte branched of maize (Doebley et al, 1997), a gene that when mutated fails to suppress the growth of axillary meristems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wandering carpel mutation of Zea mays (Gramineae) causes misorientation and loss of zygomorphy in flowers and two‐seeded kernels

Irish

Szymkowiak

Garrels

2003

American J of Botany

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We have isolated a new mutation, wandering carpel (wcr), which affects polarity of the maize flower, altering its orientation or converting it from zygomorphy to radial symmetry. These changes result in the development of embryos on locations other than the normal, acropetal side of the kernel. More than two carpels can develop into silks. More rarely, two ovules develop in a single ovary, giving rise to kernels with two seeds. The wcr mutation is a maternal-sporophyte-effect, semidominant mutation whose expression is background dependent. As spikelets with abnormal flowers are almost always paired with a normal spikelet, we hypothesize that WCRϩ is required for establishing polarity in spikelet meristems during inflorescence development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wandering carpel mutation of Zea mays (Gramineae) causes misorientation and loss of zygomorphy in flowers and two‐seeded kernels

Irish

Szymkowiak

Garrels

2003

American J of Botany

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“…The peloric flowers (i.e., transitional from bilateral symmetry to radial symmetry) of an L. vulgaris mutant were the result of a spontaneous epigenetic mutation to the CYC allele [ 110 , 117 ]. The mutant harbored a defective LCYC , which is a CYC homolog.…”

Section: Progress In Research On Cyc -Like Genes I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mutant harbored a defective LCYC , which is a CYC homolog. LCYC underwent a heritable modification (i.e., extensive methylation and transcriptional silencing) that was co-isolated with the mutant phenotype [ 117 ]. The mutant phenotype may be reversed during somatic development, which is associated with the demethylation of LCYC and the restoration of gene expression.…”

Section: Progress In Research On Cyc -Like Genes I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Research on the Regulation of Floral Development by CYC-like Genes

Chai

Liu

Chen

et al. 2023

CIMB

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CYCLOIDEA (CYC)-like genes belong to the TCP transcription factor family and play important roles associated with flower development. The CYC-like genes in the CYC1, CYC2, and CYC3 clades resulted from gene duplication events. The CYC2 clade includes the largest number of members that are crucial regulators of floral symmetry. To date, studies on CYC-like genes have mainly focused on plants with actinomorphic and zygomorphic flowers, including Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Gesneriaceae species and the effects of CYC-like gene duplication events and diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns on flower development. The CYC-like genes generally affect petal morphological characteristics and stamen development, as well as stem and leaf growth, flower differentiation and development, and branching in most angiosperms. As the relevant research scope has expanded, studies have increasingly focused on the molecular mechanisms regulating CYC-like genes with different functions related to flower development and the phylogenetic relationships among these genes. We summarize the status of research on the CYC-like genes in angiosperms, such as the limited research conducted on CYC1 and CYC3 clade members, the necessity to functionally characterize the CYC-like genes in more plant groups, the need for investigation of the regulatory elements upstream of CYC-like genes, and exploration of the phylogenetic relationships and expression of CYC-like genes with new techniques and methods. This review provides theoretical guidance and ideas for future research on CYC-like genes.

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“…De fait, Gomez et al (2006) ont montré que cette évolution est un atout pour la reproduction des plantes : à partir d'une étude sur Erysimum mediohispanicum (Brassicaceae), une plante présentant des variations de formes florales au sein de la même espèce, il a été montré que les fleurs zygomorphes sont davantage visitées par les insectes pollinisateurs et sont plus fertiles. Néanmoins, bien que le caractère bilatéral des fleurs soit dû à un gain de fonction, une réversion vers l'actinomorphie à partir d'ancêtres zygomorphes a également été observée plusieurs fois au cours de l'évolution des plantes (Theissen, 2000).…”

Section: éVolution De La Polarisation Des Organes Végétaux Terrestresunclassified

Un Picasso parmi les algues brunes : la difficile conquête de la symétrie chezEctocarpus

et al. 2007

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In response to environmental constraints, living organisms organise their body according to axes, rotation and translation plans, or asymmetries. Cellular and molecular processes are involved in the establishment of this architecture. Hence, this review aims at presenting the molecular mechanisms controlling the main symmetries and axes in plants. Several genes, coding for transcription factors, have been identified in land plants (mainly Arabidopsis thaliana), as controlling the establishment of apico-basal and adaxial-abaxial axes mainly. The establishment of these axes allows the development in other spatial directions of radial or bilateral symmetries. These processes seem in most cases to be under the control of the phytohormone auxin. In brown algae, which are all multicellular marine plants, polarity plans are less obvious than in land plants. The development of the model brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus is currently being studied. E. siliculosus develops a filamentous architecture, and primary observations show that branching along the main axis occurs in a non-stereotyped and regular way, even though it is mainly centred. However, more detailed morphometrical studies, accompanied by probabilistic analyses, have shown that, among the overall population of individuals, organisms obey yet unidentified biological constraints, that aim at refining the radial symmetry as the organism grows. The role of this symmetry in the adaptation of E. siliculosus to its environment, as well as the molecular actors involved in this process, are currently under study in our laboratory.

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Evolutionary developmental genetics of floral symmetry: The revealing power of Linnaeus' monstrous flower

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

The wandering carpel mutation of Zea mays (Gramineae) causes misorientation and loss of zygomorphy in flowers and two‐seeded kernels

The wandering carpel mutation of Zea mays (Gramineae) causes misorientation and loss of zygomorphy in flowers and two‐seeded kernels

Advances in Research on the Regulation of Floral Development by CYC-like Genes

Un Picasso parmi les algues brunes : la difficile conquête de la symétrie chezEctocarpus

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