Evolutionary demography of monocarpic perennials

Metcalf, Jessica; Rose, Karen; Rees, Mark

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(03)00162-9

Cited by 173 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

221

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…If within a species some individuals are in consistently favorable habitats for growth and/or survival, then, as Burd et al (2006) demonstrated, this may result in a reaction norm for flowering that encompasses a wide range of flowering sizes. This is consistent with the observation in natural systems that the size distribution of flowering and nonflowering individuals shows considerable overlap (Metcalf et al 2003). The extent to which individuals are in consistently good or poor conditions can be assessed by fitting mixed models with individualspecific terms (Rees et al 1999).…”

Section: Es Flowering Strategy: the Effect Of Habitat And Reproductivsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Monocarpic plants, which reproduce once and then die, are ideal systems for testing demographic and evolutionary ideas because the cost of reproduction is easily quantified and the timing of flowering is a key determinant of fitness (Metcalf et al 2003). In monocarpic plants, flowering can be delayed for years or even decades, and to explain the adaptive significance of such reproductive delays, evolutionary biologists have traditionally focused on the relative costs and benefits (Cole 1954).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integral projection models are particularly suited to the study of the dynamics and evolution of organisms with complex life cycles. First, these models allow individuals to vary continuously in size and allow growth to vary between similar-sized individuals (Easterling et al 2000;Metcalf et al 2003). Second, because regression models are used to parameterize the models, it is straightforward to include both size and habitat in each analysis and then use standard statistical approaches to simplify the models.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Life‐History Variation in Contrasting Habitats: Flowering Decisions in a Clonal Perennial Herb (Veratrum album)

Hesse¹,

Rees²,

Müller‐Schärer³

2008

The American Naturalist

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantifying intraspecific demographic variation provides a powerful tool for exploring the diversity and evolution of life histories. We investigate how habitat-specific demographic variation and the production of multiple offspring types affect the population dynamics and evolution of delayed reproduction in a clonal perennial herb with monocarpic ramets (white hellebore). In this species, flowering ramets produce both seeds and asexual offspring. Data on ramet demography are used to parameterize integral projection models, which allow the effects of habitat-specific demographic variation and reproductive mode on population dynamics to be quantified. We then use the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) approach to predict the flowering strategy-the relationship between flowering probability and size. This approach is extended to allow offspring types to have different demographies and density-dependent responses. Our results demonstrate that the evolutionarily stable flowering strategies differ substantially among habitats and are in excellent agreement with the observed strategies. Reproductive mode, however, has little effect on the ESSs. Using analytical approximations, we show that flowering decisions are predominantly determined by the asymptotic size of individuals rather than variation in survival or size-fecundity relationships. We conclude that habitat is an important aspect of the selective environment and a significant factor in predicting the ESSs.Keywords: demographic variation, evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), integral projection models, monocarpic ramets, population dynamics, reproductive mode. Understanding how different patterns of demographic variation drive the establishment and evolution of life histories is one of the main goals of evolutionary ecology (Fox et al. 2001). Most animal and plant species can be found in a wide range of ecologically distinct habitats, and as a result, individuals of the same species may experience substantial variation in demographic rates, such as survival, growth, and fecundity. These demographic heterogeneities between individuals or groups of individuals can have considerable population dynamical consequences and can generate evolutionary change (e. The role of demography as a driving force in life-history evolution is widely recognized, yet relatively few studies have quantified how demographic rates, and consequently life-history traits, vary among individuals and populations of the same species (but see, e.g., Bronikowski et al. 2002;Dorken and Barrett 2003;Frederiksen et al. 2005;Lesica and Young 2005). Instead, much of our knowledge about the diversity and evolution of life histories comes from comparative analyses at the interspecific level. This is surprising, given that intraspecific variation allows the study of ecological constraints on life histories without the confounding effect of phylogeny (Frederiksen et al. 2005). Moreover, across-species comparisons, which are often based on only a limited number of populations per species, m...

show abstract

Section: Es Flowering Strategy: the Effect Of Habitat And Reproductivsupporting

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Life‐History Variation in Contrasting Habitats: Flowering Decisions in a Clonal Perennial Herb (Veratrum album)

Hesse¹,

Rees²,

Müller‐Schärer³

2008

The American Naturalist

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Costs of reproduction are key ingredients of most theories of life-history evolution because these costs strongly influence the fitness payoffs of alternative reproductive strategies [3,4]. Semelparous (also called 'monocarpic') plants, which pay the ultimate cost of reproduction (flowering is fatal), have provided powerful empirical models for studying selection on life-history strategies, especially the occurrence and duration of reproductive delays (reviewed in [5]). The benefit of a reproductive delay is that older, larger plants have greater fecundity during their single reproductive opportunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary demography of iteroparous plants: incorporating non-lethal costs of reproduction into integral projection models

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the selective forces that shape reproductive strategies is a central goal of evolutionary ecology. Selection on the timing of reproduction is well studied in semelparous organisms because the cost of reproduction (death) can be easily incorporated into demographic models. Iteroparous organisms also exhibit delayed reproduction and experience reproductive costs, although these are not necessarily lethal. How non-lethal costs shape iteroparous life histories remains unresolved. We analysed longterm demographic data for the iteroparous orchid Orchis purpurea from two habitat types (light and shade). In both the habitats, flowering plants had lower growth rates and this cost was greater for smaller plants. We detected an additional growth cost of fruit production in the light habitat. We incorporated these non-lethal costs into integral projection models to identify the flowering size that maximizes fitness. In both habitats, observed flowering sizes were well predicted by the models. We also estimated optimal parameters for size-dependent flowering effort, but found a strong mismatch with the observed flower production. Our study highlights the role of context-dependent non-lethal reproductive costs as selective forces in the evolution of iteroparous life histories, and provides a novel and broadly applicable approach to studying the evolutionary demography of iteroparous organisms.

show abstract

“…The functions making up the kernel can often be estimated by regression; for example, size-dependent survival and fecundity can be fitted by generalized linear or additive models and growth by parametric or nonparametric regression (Metcalf et al 2003). Consequently, the appropriate model complexity for the available data can be identified using wellestablished statistical criteria and software rather than the typically ad hoc process of choosing the number of size classes and their boundaries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integral Projection Models for Species with Complex Demography

Ellner¹,

Rees²

2006

The American Naturalist

232

534

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Matrix projection models occupy a central role in population and conservation biology. Matrix models divide a population into discrete classes, even if the structuring trait exhibits continuous variation (e.g., body size). The integral projection model (IPM) avoids discrete classes and potential artifacts from arbitrary class divisions, facilitates parsimonious modeling based on smooth relationships between individual state and demographic performance, and can be implemented with standard matrix software. Here, we extend the IPM to species with complex demographic attributes, including dormant and active life stages, cross-classification by several attributes (e.g., size, age, and condition), and changes between discrete and continuous structure over the life cycle. We present a general model encompassing these cases, numerical methods, and theoretical results, including stable population growth and sensitivity/ elasticity analysis for density-independent models, local stability analysis in density-dependent models, and optimal/evolutionarily stable strategy life-history analysis. Our presentation centers on an IPM for the thistle Onopordum illyricum based on a 6-year field study. Flowering and death probabilities are size and age dependent, and individuals also vary in a latent attribute affecting survival, but a predictively accurate IPM is completely parameterized by fitting a few regression equations. The online edition of the American Naturalist includes a zip archive of R scripts illustrating our suggested methods.

show abstract

Evolutionary demography of monocarpic perennials

Cited by 173 publications

References 52 publications

Life‐History Variation in Contrasting Habitats: Flowering Decisions in a Clonal Perennial Herb (Veratrum album)

Life‐History Variation in Contrasting Habitats: Flowering Decisions in a Clonal Perennial Herb (Veratrum album)

Evolutionary demography of iteroparous plants: incorporating non-lethal costs of reproduction into integral projection models

Integral Projection Models for Species with Complex Demography

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About