Evolutionary conservation of alternative splicing in chicken

Katyal, Sachin; Gao, Zhaoxu; Liu, R.-Z.; Godbout, Roseline

doi:10.1159/000103175

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 188 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Most interestingly these molecules have maximum structural and functional similarity with that of chicken origin VEGF [42], HIF-1a [43], and VEGFR2 [44,45]. The results obtained (Table 5) indicate that the interaction of VEGF with quercetin was found to be stable conformation (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of Selected Flavonoids as Antiangiogenic, Anticancer, and Radical Scavenging Agents: An Experimental and In Silico Analysis

Gacche

Shegokar

Gond

et al. 2011

Cell Biochem Biophys

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Developing antiangiogenic agents using natural products has remained a significant hope in the mainstream of anticancer research. In the present investigation series of flavonoids possessing di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-hydroxy substitutions were evaluated as antiangiogenic agents using in vivo choriallantoic membrane model. The MTT-based cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines was carried out to determine the anticancer potential. The kinetics of free radical scavenging activities of these compounds was demonstrated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and superoxide anion radicals (SORs). To understand the possible antiangiogenic mechanism, the selected flavonoids were docked in silico onto the proangiogenic peptides such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) from human origin. The results of the study shows that amongst the tested flavonoids, genistein (87.1%), kaempferol, (86.3%), and quercetin (84.7%) were found to be effective inhibitors of angiogenesis in CAM model. The antiangiogenic, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities are discussed in light of structure-activity relationship using in silico approach and other drug-related properties were also calculated using BioMed CAChe V. 6.1.10. The results of the present study focus the isoflavone genistein, kaempferol, and quercetin as lead molecules for designing novel anti-tumor/antioxidant agents targeting angiogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of Selected Flavonoids as Antiangiogenic, Anticancer, and Radical Scavenging Agents: An Experimental and In Silico Analysis

Gacche

Shegokar

Gond

et al. 2011

Cell Biochem Biophys

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“…Studies in mammals and insects have shown that the levels of alternative exon conservation are typically low in comparison to constitutive exons, and the loss of splice variants is frequent (Malko et al 2006;Nurtdinov et al 2007). However, some alternative splicing events exhibit strong similarity among diverse eurkaryotic lineages (Irimia et al 2007(Irimia et al , 2008Katyal et al 2007), indicating that such loci are under strong selection to preserve functional protein structure (Resch et al 2004;Kim et al 2008). Conservation of sex-specific splicing of the sex determination genes dsx and fru in holometabolous insects is an important example, reflecting their functional importance in establishing sexual dimorphism at both the morphological and the behavioral levels (Gailey et al 2006;Cho et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Splicing in Drosophila: Widespread Occurrence, Tissue Specificity and Evolutionary Conservation

et al. 2009

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Many genes in eukaryotic genomes produce multiple transcripts through a variety of molecular mechanisms including alternative splicing. Alternatively spliced transcripts often encode functionally distinct proteins, indicating that gene regulation at this level makes an important contribution to organismal complexity. The multilevel splicing cascade that regulates sex determination and sex-specific development in Drosophila is a classical example of the role of alternative splicing in cell differentiation. Recent evidence suggests that a large proportion of genes in the Drosophila genome may be spliced in a sex-biased fashion, raising the possibility that alternative splicing may play a more general role in sexually dimorphic development and physiology. However, the prevalence of sex-specific splicing and the extent to which it is shared among genotypes are not fully understood. Genetic variation in the splicing of key components of the sex determination pathway is known to influence the expression of downstream target genes, suggesting that alternative splicing at other loci may also vary in functionally important ways. In this study, we used exon-specific microarrays to examine 417 multitranscript genes for evidence of sex-specific and genotype-specific splicing in 80 different genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster. Most of these loci showed sex-biased splicing, whereas genotype-specific splicing was rare. One hundred thirty-five genes showed different alternative transcript use in males vs. females. Real-time PCR analysis of 6 genes chosen to represent a broad range of biological functions showed that most sex-biased splicing occurs in the gonads. However, somatic tissues, particularly adult heads, also show evidence of sexspecific splicing. Comparison of splicing patterns at orthologous loci in seven Drosophila species shows that sexual biases in alternative exon representation are highly conserved, indicating that sex-specific splicing is an ancient feature of Drosophila biology. To investigate potential mechanisms of sex-biased splicing, we used realtime PCR to examine the expression of six known regulators of alternative splicing in males vs. females. We found that all six loci are themselves spliced sex specifically in gonads and heads, suggesting that regulatory hierarchies based on alternative splicing may be an important feature of sexual differentiation.

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“…Modrek and Lee (27) Genome Human-mouse 98% Major forms Cassette exons studied 25% minor forms Nurtdinov et al (28) Genome Human-mouse 69-83% Experimentally studied events only. All event types Sorek et al (29) Genome Human-mouse 25% Cassette exons studied Sugnet et al (30) Event Human-mouse 27% All event types studied Resch et al ( (38) Regulation Human-chimpanzee 92-94% Cassette exons studied Microarray quantification Katyal et al (39) Event Human-chicken 72% of AS variants Events in sample of genes expressed in retina and well-characterized genes Irimia et al (22) Genome C. elegans-C. briggsae 91% All cassette exons Cassette exons studied 96% Major forms 81% Minor forms C. elegans-C. remanei 92% All cassette exons 96% Major forms 83% Minor forms Irimia et al (40) Genome C. elegans-C. briggsae 28% Intron retention events studied One set of cases involves precise regulation of the relative abundance of two (or more) transcripts co-expressed within the same cell to achieve proper gene function. For example, the Ca 2þ sensitivity of the rat Piccolo protein C 2 A domain, assumed to fine-tune Ca 2þ dependency of presynaptic exocytosis, is altered by AS of nine amino acids.…”

Section: % Minor Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative regulation of alternative splicing in evolution and development

et al. 2009

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Alternative splicing (AS) is a widespread mechanism with an important role in increasing transcriptome and proteome diversity by generating multiple different products from the same gene. Evolutionary studies of AS have focused primarily on the conservation of alternatively spliced sequences or of the AS pattern of those sequences itself. Less is known about the evolution of the regulation of AS, but several studies, working from different perspectives, have recently made significant progress. Here, we categorize the different levels of AS evolution, and summarize the studies on evolution of AS regulation, which point to a high level of evolutionary conservation of the regulation of AS events conserved between related species. This suggests that the quantitative regulation of AS is an intrinsic part of AS function. We discuss the potential role of changes in developmental regulation of AS as an additional layer in complex gene regulatory networks and in the emergence of genetic novelties.

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Evolutionary conservation of alternative splicing in chicken

Cited by 9 publications

References 188 publications

Evaluation of Selected Flavonoids as Antiangiogenic, Anticancer, and Radical Scavenging Agents: An Experimental and In Silico Analysis

Evaluation of Selected Flavonoids as Antiangiogenic, Anticancer, and Radical Scavenging Agents: An Experimental and In Silico Analysis

Sex-Specific Splicing in Drosophila: Widespread Occurrence, Tissue Specificity and Evolutionary Conservation

Quantitative regulation of alternative splicing in evolution and development

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