Evolutionary and Morphometric Implications of Morphological Variation Among Flowers Within an Inflorescence: A Case-Study Using European Orchids

Bateman, Richard M.; Rudall, Paula J.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcl191

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…There is considerable potential for studies of structures repeated as a sequence along some axis, like vertebrae in the spinal column of fish or snakes [255,256], plant leaves along a shoot axis [257][258][259][260], leaflets within compound leaves [173,191,260], or flowers within an inflorescence [261]. In plants, particularly, the modular body plan provides many opportunities for exploring variation among repeated parts within individuals [262].…”

Section: Analyses Of Matching Symmetry For Complex Symmetriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

2015

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Approximately two decades after the first pioneering analyses, the study of shape asymmetry with the methods of geometric morphometrics has matured and is a burgeoning field. New technology for data collection and new methods and software for analysis are widely available and have led to numerous applications in plants and animals, including humans. This review summarizes the concepts and morphometric methods for studying asymmetry of shape and size. After a summary of mathematical and biological concepts of symmetry and asymmetry, a section follows that explains the methods of geometric morphometrics and how they can be used to analyze asymmetry of biological structures. Geometric morphometric analyses not only tell how much asymmetry there is, but also provide information about the patterns of covariation in the structure under study. Such patterns of covariation in fluctuating asymmetry can provide valuable insight about the developmental basis of morphological integration, and have become important tools for evolutionary developmental biology. The genetic basis of fluctuating asymmetry has been studied from empirical and theoretical viewpoints, but serious challenges remain in this area. There are many promising areas for further research that are only little explored at present.

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Section: Analyses Of Matching Symmetry For Complex Symmetriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

2015

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“…Table 5 lists examples of spur and labellum size ranges for different regions of Europe (Webb 1980;Komarov, Chernyakovskaya 1986;Stace 1997;Szlachetko 2001;Jeanmonod, Gamisans 2007;Lauber, Wagner 2007). Other authors mentioned only mean values of those variables; for example, Bateman and Rudall (2006) reported the mean length of spur and labellum (29 and 13.8 mm, respectively); Stpiczyńska (2003) reported a mean of 31.5 for specimens collected in the vicinity of Lublin. The specimens from the sites in NW Poland, examined in this study, showed generally smaller spur and labellum, 25.5 mm (max 34.8 mm) and 12.2 mm (max 19.8 mm), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dimensions of the spur, a component playing a key role in attracting specific pollinators, has been in the focus of great attention of botanists, both traditional and evolutionary (e.g. Nilsson 1978;Bateman, Rudall 2006;Bateman, Sexton 2008;Bateman et al 2009). …”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One flower located in the middle part of a fully developed inflorescence was measured without removing the flower. Flowers from the central part of the inflorescence are regarded as the least variable, and are most often used in biometric studies (Bateman, Rudall 2006). Measurements were taken with a ruler, to 0.1 cm (height and length of inflorescence, leaf size) and with a caliper, to 0.02 mm (size of flower components).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological variation of Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) in forest sites of NW Poland

Więcław

Kurnicki

2016

Acta Biologica

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The aim of this study was to check a hypothesis on the morphological variability of the Platanthera chlorantha growing in forests in the north-west of Poland (Dobrzany and Karnieszewice Forestries). Statistical techniques were used to analyse 16 morphological characters determined in 174 flowering specimens. A special attention was paid to the size of the spur and labellum.The following morphological characters showed statistically significant differences: spur, labellum, ovary, bract, lateral sepal, leaves and height of the specimens. The differences are most likely a result of different habitat conditions and the location of the study sites.Zmienność morfologiczna Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) w lasach północno--zachodniej Polski Słowa kluczowe morfologia, zmienność warżki i ostrogi, PCA, Nadleśnictwo Dobrzany i Karnieszewice Streszczenie Badania terenowe przeprowadzono w latach 2011-2012 na obszarze Nadleśnictwa Dobrzany i Karnieszewice (NW Poland). Celem badań było sprawdzenie hipotezy o zmienności morfologicznej podkolana zielonawego (Platanthera chlorantha). Zmierzono 174 okazy i statystycznie przeanalizowano 16 cech morfologicznych; szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wielkość warżki i ostrogi. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono, że 1) zmienność cech morfologicznych badanych okazów prezentuje poziom niski; 2) cechy morfologiczne, takie jak: wielkość warżki, ostrogi, zalążni, przysadek, płatków bocznych i liści oraz wysokość roślin statystycznie istotnie różnią okazy z badanych stanowiskach; 3) nie ma wyraźnych różnic między wielkością warżki i ostrogi u okazów rosnących w cieniu i w miejscach słonecznych.

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“…Populations of European-Mediterranean Anacamptis pyramidalis show great phenotypic variability of habit, inflorescence shape, flower lip shape, lip spur length and flower color (Bateman and Rudall, 2006b;Margońska and Kowalkowska, 2008). The taxon displays three levels of ploidy: diploids (2n = 36), triploids (2n = 54) and tetraploids (2n = 72) (Bianco et al, 1991;del Prete et al, 1991;Tichy and del Prete, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Anatomy of the Lip Spur and Additional Lateral Sepal Spurs in a Three-Spurred Form (f. fumeauxiana) of Anacamptis pyramidalis

Kowalkowska¹,

Margońska²,

Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno³

2010

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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Evolutionary and Morphometric Implications of Morphological Variation Among Flowers Within an Inflorescence: A Case-Study Using European Orchids

Cited by 60 publications

References 50 publications

Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

Morphological variation of Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) in forest sites of NW Poland

Comparative Anatomy of the Lip Spur and Additional Lateral Sepal Spurs in a Three-Spurred Form (f. fumeauxiana) of Anacamptis pyramidalis

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