Evolutionary and functional diversity of green fluorescent proteins in cephalochordates

Li, Guang; Zhang, Qiujin; Zhong, Jue; Wang, Yiquan

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2009.07.003

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Other fluorescent proteins in the GFP superfamily share a nearly identical tertiary structure with A. victoria GFP, even though their primary amino acid sequences are highly divergent (Alieva et al, 2008;Labas et al, 2002;Li et al, 2009). All known wild-type fluorescent proteins in this family share the same chromophore precursor sequence, Xaa-Tyr-Gly (where Xaa can be one of many amino acids) that undergoes some of the same initial chemistry as the chromophore within GFP.…”

Section: Properties Of Gfp and Other Fluorescent Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GFP can also be used as a nontoxic reporter in whole organisms. In the two decades following the cloning of GFP, a large number of related fluorescent proteins have been cloned from a variety of marine invertebrates (Matz et al, 1999;Hunt et al, 2010;Karasawa et al, 2004;Li et al, 2009;Alieva et al, 2008). This family of proteins share the same core properties as jellyfish GFP but also show a great diversity in colour and other optical characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Fluorescent Protein ( GFP )

Shaner

2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Green fluorescent protein (GFP), a fluorescent molecule, found in the jellyfish Aequorea victoria , was the first of a diverse family of fluorescent proteins cloned from marine invertebrates. Fluorescent proteins are useful reporter molecules for in vitro and whole organism gene expression studies and for tracking subcellular localisation of proteins in living cells. Because they fold robustly in nearly all biological systems studied and require no cofactors for development of fluorescence, fluorescent proteins have become ubiquitous tools in a broad range of cell biology subdisciplines. Colour variants covering the entire visible spectrum have been engineered from various wild‐type fluorescent proteins, allowing the simultaneous imaging of multiple proteins within the same cell, as well as advanced applications such as biochemical activity reporters. Additional engineering has produced variants that change colour upon illumination or whose fluorescence can be switched on and off, making them useful for other advanced imaging techniques. Key Concepts: The green fluorescent protein from Aequorea victoria was the first intrinsically fluorescent protein to be discovered. A diverse family of fluorescent proteins has been cloned from a wide variety of marine invertebrates including jellyfish, corals, copepods and lancelets. Fluorescent proteins are highly useful reporter genes in a wide variety of biological systems. Fluorescent proteins have been the subject of heavy engineering efforts to improve their physical and optical properties as genetically encoded tools. Colour variants of fluorescent proteins allow multicolour protein tracking in living cells. Advanced uses for fluorescent proteins include optical sensing of important signalling molecules such as calcium and biochemical activities such as kinase activation. Photoactivatable and photoswitchable fluorescent proteins can be used for ‘superresolution’ imaging of cellular structures below the optical diffraction limit.

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Section: Properties Of Gfp and Other Fluorescent Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Fluorescent Protein ( GFP )

Shaner

2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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“…This approach is particularly useful in amphioxus for its external embryonic development and transparent body throughout its whole life cycle. However, endogenous green fluorescent protein was discovered in amphioxus B. floridae (Deheyn et al 2007), and more than 10 amphioxus GFP genes were characterized from three species of genus Branchiostoma (Li et al 2009;Bomati et al 2009) so far. They emitted green fluorescence from different tissues/organs during the embryonic development and disturbed the observation on report gene expression.…”

Section: Expression Of Rfp Reporter Construct In Amphioxus Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Techniques of using small molecules to inhibit or activate some signaling pathways were also introduced to the functional studies of amphioxus genes. As for macromolecules, Yu and Zhang (2005) tentatively performed sperm-mediated gene transfer in B. japonicum, but it was very possibly a false result because endogenous green fluorescence was observed later in the species (Deheyn et al 2007;Li et al 2009) and no other papers using this method for amphioxus appeared after this report. In 2004, Holland and Yu first developed a reproducible method of unfertilized egg microinjection for manipulating gene expression in amphioxus (2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An efficient microinjection method for unfertilized eggs of Asian amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri

Liu

Feng

et al. 2013

Dev Genes Evol

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Amphioxus is a promising model animal for evolutionary and developmental studies. However, as an emerging model organism, amphioxus lacks most molecular techniques applied in other well-developed model animals. Microinjection is a powerful technique for gene manipulation, and thus it undoubtedly is one of useful approaches in the studies of gene function and embryonic development. Although the method has been exploited in Florida and European amphioxus, it still remains to be optimized and introduced into other amphioxus species. In order to introduce the technique into our lab, we followed and optimized the previous description and successfully performed microinjection on unfertilized eggs of Asian amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri. We made six solutions for practice: 200 mM KCl, 100 ng/μl actin-LacZ or 100 ng/μl actin-RFP vectors, LacZ or RFP vectors without promoter and RFP capped mRNA. More than 99.2 % of eggs injected with KCl were able to be fertilized, 94.3 % of them could hatch normally and 55.9 % survived until 2-day larvae, all of which were nearly equivalent to those obtained from normally fertilized eggs. Embryos injected with two plasmid constructs also showed very high fertilizing and hatching ratios, but normally developing ratios were slightly lower than that of KCl injection. Of those injected embryos, 91.8 % expressed exogenous gene LacZ and 80.5 % exhibited foreign RFP expression, which were driven by a promoter from amphioxus β-actin gene. The data indicated a successful modified microinjection method for the unfertilized eggs of Asian amphioxus, and those modifications improved the feasibility and efficiency of microinjection on amphioxus.

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“…Miyawaki et al, 2003. En el siguiente rango del espectro se encuentran las proteínas verdes, con emisiones de entre 500 nm y 525 nm aproximadamente. A este grupo pertenecen proteínas provenientes de fuentes variadas que incluyen diferentes especies de Aequorea, copépodos, anfioxos y arrecifes de coral (Li et al, 2009). A pesar de su gran diversidad, la mayoría de estas proteínas no ofrecen características mejoradas de fluorescencia ni estabilidad molecular frente a la EGFP, la proteína derivada de la GFP original de A. victoria por medio de mutaciones y que continúa siendo ampliamente usada.…”

Section: Proteínas Fluorescentesunclassified

Desarrollo De Un Vector Para La Expresión Simultánea De Múltiples Proteínas en Plantas Basado en El Potyvirus Del Grabado Del Tabaco

Rojas¹,

Leonor²

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Evolutionary and functional diversity of green fluorescent proteins in cephalochordates

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Green Fluorescent Protein ( GFP )

Green Fluorescent Protein ( GFP )

An efficient microinjection method for unfertilized eggs of Asian amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri

Desarrollo De Un Vector Para La Expresión Simultánea De Múltiples Proteínas en Plantas Basado en El Potyvirus Del Grabado Del Tabaco

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