Evolutionary and functional analyses of the interaction between the <i>Bombyx mori</i> inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) and nucleopolyhedrovirus IAPs

Chen, Peng; Kang, Tao‐Tao; Bao, Xiaoyong; Dong, Zhanqi; Zhu, Yan; Xiao, Wen‐Fu; Pan, Min‐Hui; Lü, Cheng

doi:10.1111/1744-7917.12664

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Both BmIAP and baculoviruses encoding IAP had an inhibitory effect on apoptosis in insects (Hamajima et al, 2016;Ikeda et al, 2011). A recent study reported that the Bmiap gene might be hijacked by BmNPV iap genes during BmNPV infection owing to the direct interaction of BmNPV IAP1 and IAP2 with BmIAP in silkworm cells (Chen et al, 2019). Cellular IAP1 is a client protein of Hsp90.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 suppresses Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in B. mori

Shang

Huang

et al. 2019

Insect Molecular Biology

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Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays a very important role in facilitating the replication of many viruses. Until now, little has been known about the role of Hsp90 in Bombyx mori virus infection. In this study, we explored the role of BmHsp90 in B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) replication. We found that BmHsp90 inhibition by geldanamycin (GA) significantly reduced the BmNPV titre, the protein expression level of BmNPV nucleocapsid protein 39 (VP39) and the transcript level of BmNPV genes. Silencing the hsp90 gene in BmN cells by small interfering RNA suppressed BmNPV replication whereas overexpression of hsp90 promoted the replication of BmNPV. After inhibition of Hsp90, the expression of three key genes [signal transducing activator of transcription (stat), suppressor of cytokine signalling protein 2 (socs2), socs6] involved in the Janus kinase/STAT pathway significantly changed, with up‐regulation of stat and down‐regulation of socs2 and socs6. In addition, the expression of two antiapoptosis genes, BmNPV inhibitor of apoptosis protein1 (BmNPV‐iap1) and Bmiap2, was greatly decreased in GA‐treated cells, whereas their expression was significantly increased in hsp90‐overexpressed silkworm larvae. Our results indicated that inhibition of Hsp90 can suppress BmNPV proliferation in B. mori. Our findings may provide new clues to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of silkworm–virus interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 suppresses Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in B. mori

Shang

Huang

et al. 2019

Insect Molecular Biology

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“…The progression of apoptotic signaling cascades is prevented by virus-encoded apoptosis suppressors such as viral IAPs, p35, p49, and Apsup ( 55 , 78 , 79 ). Six IAPs ( iap1-6 ) have been identified in baculoviruses that inhibit apoptosis in insects ( 78 – 80 ). Unlike their cellular counterparts, they lack an N-terminal instability motif ( 81 ) and stabilize cellular IAPs ( 82 ).…”

Section: Viral Immune Evasion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a model mechanism, Op-IAP3 derived from OpMNPV blocks apoptosis by interacting with an unstable auto-ubiquitinating host IAP such that cellular IAP levels and antiapoptotic activity are maintained ( 82 ). Similarly, IAP1 and IAP2 from BmNPV interact with BmIAP, and both BmIAP and viral IAPs increase BmNPV proliferation in infected silkworm cells ( 80 ). Numerous studies have shown that viral protein p35 blocks apoptosis by binding ECs ( 79 , 83 , 84 ), and p49 protein binds ICs and ECs and blocks apoptosis ( 85 , 86 ).…”

Section: Viral Immune Evasion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Arms Race Between Silkworm and Baculovirus

2021

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Insects are the largest group of animals. Nearly all organisms, including insects, have viral pathogens. An important domesticated economic insect is the silkworm moth Bombyx mori. B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a typical baculovirus and a primary silkworm pathogen. It causes major economic losses in sericulture. Baculoviruses are used in biological pest control and as a bioreactor. Silkworm and baculovirus comprise a well-established model of insect–virus interactions. Several recent studies have focused on this model and provided novel insights into viral infections and host defense. Here, we focus on baculovirus invasion, silkworm immune response, baculovirus evasion of host immunity, and enhancement of antiviral efficacy. We also discuss major issues remaining and future directions of research on silkworm antiviral immunity. Elucidation of the interaction between silkworm and baculovirus furnishes a theoretical basis for targeted pest control, enhanced pathogen resistance in economically important insects, and bioreactor improvement.

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“…Hence, we speculated that the pattern recognition receptor BmβGRP4 might also regulate apoptosis in response to BmNPV infection. In addition, Chen et al [31] found that the B. mori inhibitor of apoptosis (BmIAP) gene had an inhibitory effect on apoptosis in silkworm cells. The expression levels of BmPTEN and BmIAP after BmβGRP4 knockdown and overexpression were evaluated through RT-qPCR analysis using the specific primers of BmPTEN and BmIAP (Table S2).…”

Section: Expression Level Analysis Of Bmpten and Bmiapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bombyx mori β-1,3-Glucan Recognition Protein 4 (BmβGRP4) Could Inhibit the Proliferation of B. mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus through Promoting Apoptosis

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2021

Insects

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β-1,3-glucan recognition proteins (βGRPs) as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play an important role in recognizing various pathogens and trigger complicated signaling pathways in insects. In this study, we identified a Bombyx mori β-1,3-glucan recognition protein gene named BmβGRP4, which showed differential expression, from a previous transcriptome database. The full-length cDNA sequence was 1244 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1128 bp encoding 375 amino acids. BmβGRP4 was strongly expressed in the larval stages and highly expressed in the midgut of B. mori larvae in particular. After BmNPV infection, the expression of BmβGRP4 was reduced significantly in the midgut. Furthermore, a significant increase in the copy number of BmNPV was observed after the knockdown of BmβGRP4 in 5th instar larvae, while the overexpression of BmβGRP4 suppressed the proliferation of BmNPV in BmN cells. Subsequently, the expression analysis of several apoptosis-related genes and observation of the apoptosis morphology demonstrated that overexpression of BmβGRP4 facilitated apoptosis induced by BmNPV in BmN cells. Moreover, BmβGRP4 positively regulated the phosphatase and tensin homolog gene (BmPTEN), while expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene (BmIAP) was negatively regulated by BmβGRP4. Hence, we hypothesize that BmNPV infection might suppress BmPTEN and facilitate BmIAP to inhibit cell apoptosis by downregulating the expression of BmβGRP4 to escape host antiviral defense. Taken together, these results show that BmβGRP4 may play a role in B. mori response to BmNPV infection and lay a foundation for studying its functions.

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Evolutionary and functional analyses of the interaction between the Bombyx mori inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) and nucleopolyhedrovirus IAPs

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 suppresses Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in B. mori

Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 suppresses Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in B. mori

Advances in the Arms Race Between Silkworm and Baculovirus

Bombyx mori β-1,3-Glucan Recognition Protein 4 (BmβGRP4) Could Inhibit the Proliferation of B. mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus through Promoting Apoptosis

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