Evolutionary Analysis of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH) Genes in Plants and Characterization of ZmRBOHs

Abstract

The respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), as the key producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an essential role in plant development. In this study, a bioinformatic analysis was performed on 22 plant species, and 181 RBOH homologues were identified. A typical RBOH family was identified only in terrestrial plants, and the number of RBOHs increased from non-angiosperms to angiosperms. Whole genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication played a key role in RBOH gene family expansion. Amino acid numbers of 181 RBOHs ranged from 98 to 1461, and the encoded proteins had molecular weights from 11.1 to 163.6 kDa, respectively. All plant RBOHs contained a conserved NADPH_Ox domain, while some of them lacked the FAD_binding_8 domain. Plant RBOHs were classified into five main subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. Most RBOH members in the same subgroup showed conservation in both motif distribution and gene structure composition. Fifteen ZmRBOHs were identified in maize genome and were positioned in eight maize chromosomes. A total of three pairs of orthologous genes were found in maize, including ZmRBOH6/ZmRBOH8, ZmRBOH4/ZmRBOH10 and ZmRBOH15/ZmRBOH2. A Ka/Ks calculation confirmed that purifying selection was the main driving force in their evolution. ZmRBOHs had typical conserved domains and similar protein structures. cis-element analyses together with the expression profiles of the ZmRBOH genes in various tissues and stages of development suggested that ZmRBOH was involved in distinct biological processes and stress responses. Based on the RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR analysis, the transcriptional response of ZmRBOH genes was examined under various abiotic stresses, and most of ZmRBOH genes were up-regulated by cold stress. These findings provide valuable information for further revealing the biological roles of ZmRBOH genes in plant development and abiotic stress responses.

Genome wide comprehensive characterization and expression analysis of RBOH genes revealed drought stress response in mung bean (Vigna radiate L.)

“…The RBOH genes found scattered on few chromosomes in various plants (Gui et al 2022;Zhang et al 2023;Sharma et al 2024). Similarly, the VraRBOH genes showed their presence on ve chromosomes, whereas six chromosomes have not shown the presence of any RBOH gene.…”

“…In biological systems, the gene duplication occurs by three mechanisms namely tandem duplication, segmental duplication and whole-genome duplication (WGD) [Qiao et al 2018]. The whole genome duplication of RBOH genes have previously demonstrated as driving force for gene duplication events related to RBOH genes in crop plants Zhang et al 2021;Wu et al 2023;Zhang et al 2023). Notably, one tandemly duplicated gene pair (VraRBOH4 and VraRBOH5) and 3 segmental gene duplication events were predicted in the present study.…”

“…them(Wang et al 2016;Shi et al 2020;Du et al 2023;Sharma et al 2024). The activity of RBOH genes was increased by drought and high-temperature stress suggesting its important role in response to drought stress in plants(Duan et al 2009;Zhang et al 2023). Our study also showed the differential expression pattern of VraRBOH genes in mung bean.…”

Striking a growth–defense balance: Stress regulators that function in maize development

“…However, the role of ROS in promoting pollen tube growth, which has been discovered in other plant species (Kaya et al, 2014; Lassig et al, 2014; Kim et al, 2021), has not been reported in maize. The maize genome harbors 15 ZmRBOH s (Zhang et al, 2023); further research is needed to elucidate the roles of specific ZmRBOH s in pollen tube growth.…”

Reactive oxygen species are signaling molecules that modulate plant reproduction

“…Superoxide is converted to H 2 O 2 by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and enters into cells via aquaporin proteins (see Figure 2 in Martin et al, 2022). In Arabidopsis , the RBOH family contains 10 genes and the functionality of these enzymes has been conserved across diverse species and tissue types (Chapman et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2023). ROS are also products of metabolism in organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts that generate ROS through electron transport chains (Foyer & Hanke, 2022; Møller, 2001; Navrot et al, 2007).…”