Evolution ofPeperomia (Piperaceae) in the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile

Valdebenito, Hugo; Stuessy, Tod F.; Crawford, Daniel J.

doi:10.1007/bf00941416

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The amongspecies variation in subgenus Rea is in accord with its paraphyletic status as judged from morphological data (Pacheco et al, 1991). Recent studies of restriction site variation in cpDNA (Crawford et al, 1992b) and sequences of the ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (Sang et aI., 1994) did not resolve subgeneric inter-relationships, which is in line with the idea that rapid speciation within this genus has occurred on the islands.…”

Section: Dendroserissupporting

confidence: 57%

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Bohm

Stuessy

2001

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119

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This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. This book is dedicated to:Arthur Cronquist Outstanding plant systematist and major contributor to understanding taxonomic relationships within Asteraceae and Ralph E. Alston (1925Alston ( -1967) Visionary natural products chemist and geneticist who pioneered the use of chemical data in studies of plant systematics and evolution PrefaceCertainly many of the readers of this book will remember the early developments of chemosystematics in the late 1950s. We ourselves remember the excitement of these new data bearing on plant interrelationships. The hopes were high, the techniques were rapidly evolving, the quantities of data were large, and young workers were eagerly enthusiastic. Some even went so far as to predict that chemical data would soon replace morphological information as the basis for plant classification. These overly zealous predictions did not materialize, of course, as the history of plant systematics has amply shown during the past two centuries. If there is any distinct characteristic of systematics it is synthesis, as Lincoln Constance (1964) called it, the "unending synthesis." New tools generate new data and provide insights on additional dimensions of plant relationships. This will never change-we will continue to discover new tools and new data in the years ahead, and they will continue to be incorporated into the predictive general reference system of classification.The earlier efforts in chemosystematics focused on secondary plant products: alkaloids, betacyanins, carbohydrates, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, lipids, terpenoids, and especialiy flavonoids. The latter were particularly well suited for chemosystematic investigation for several reasons: ease of isolation and characterization, small amounts of plant material needed for analysis, stability of compounds especially through routine preparation of herbarium specimens, and low cost to obtain useful information. As a result of these considerable advantages, literally thousands of studies on use of flavonoids in plant systematics have been published. Although now with the present zest for macromolecular data from DNA restriction sites and sequences, there are fewer workers and laboratories dedicated to flavonoid chemosystematic studies; twenty years ago they were the new currency of exciting data in plant systematics.Because of many workers historically interested in the sunflower family, Asteraceae (or Compositae), in part due to its large size (approximately 23,000 species;Bremer, 1994), and because hundreds of flavonoid compounds were discovered in this family, many chemosystematic investigations have been completed on various taxa. Many studies came from the laboratories of R. A. Alston, B. L. Turner, and T. J. Mabry in the Department of Botany ...

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Section: Dendroserissupporting

confidence: 57%

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Bohm

Stuessy

2001

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119

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“…Evolutionary aspects of the flora of the Juan Fernández Islands already have been studied in several endemic genera and species: Dendroseris D. Don (Asteraceae;Sanders & al., 1987;Pacheco & al., 1991a), Erigeron L. (Asteraceae;Valdebenito & al., 1992a), Gunnera (Gunneraceae; Pacheco & al., 1993), Myrceugenia Berg. (Myrtaceae;Landrum 1981;Ruiz & al., 1994), Peperomia Ruiz et Pavon (Piperaceae;Valdebenito & al., 1992b), Robinsonia DC. (Asteraceae;Pacheco & al., 1985;Sanders & al., 1987), Sophora L. (Leguminosae; Peña & al., 1993Peña & al., , 2000Peña & Cassels, 1996;Ruiz & al., 1999), and Wahlenbergia Schrader ex Roth (Campanulaceae; Lammers, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships and genetic divergence among endemic species of Berberis, Gunnera, Myrceugenia and Sophora of the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile) and their continental progenitors based on isozymes and nrITS sequences

Ruíz

Crawford

Stuessy

et al. 2004

TAXON

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Phylogenetic relationships and genetic divergence among congeneric species endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands and their relatives in continental Chile were estimated using percentage of divergence of ITS of nrDNA and genetic identity (Nei) based on allozyme variability. A total of 1151 individuals in 85 populations of 17 species was analyzed belonging to the genera Berberis (four spp.), Gunnera (four spp.), Myrceugenia (five spp.), and Sophora (four spp.). ITS regions 1 and 2 ranged between 442 and 504 bp long. The number of loci resolved differed within each genus and ranged between 5 and 11 (in Gunnera and Sophora, respectively). The new data allowed testing of previous hypotheses of relationship based on morphology and secondary products chemistry. Genetic identity values among insular congeneric species ranged between 0.936 (Gunnera) and 0.670 (Myrceugenia). ITS sequence divergence ranged from 0% (Gunnera and Sophora) to 4.2% (Myrceugenia). These values are within the ranges obtained for insular endemic species in other oceanic archipelagoes. Estimates of time of divergence of endemics from progenitors, based on isozyme data, lie between 188,500 and 2,580,000 years. The oldest island, Masatierra, is approximately 4 million years old and the youngest, Masafuera, 1–2 million years old. Genetic divergence between endemic species of Masafuera and their continental relatives is in general lower than that between endemic species of Masatierra and their putative continental ancestors. Genetic divergence is also greater between continental progenitors and derivative species in Masatierra than between endemic species pairs between Masatierra and Masafuera.

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“…Los términos "apical" y "subapical" para referir la posición del estigma (carácter 11) se emplean aquí en el mismo sentido que otros autores (Trelease, 1922;Trelease y Yu n cke r, 1950; Yu n cke r, 1 9 5 0 , 1974;Standley y Steyermark, 1952;Steyermark, 1984;Valdebenito et al, 1992), y no se relacionan ni con el desarrollo, ni con la morfología carpelar.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…En el presente trabajo no se emplean los términos "anteri o r " ( fi g u ra 21), " c e n t ra l " , " s u b c e n t ra l " ( fi g u ra 23) y " l at e ra l ", para referir la posición del estigma en el fruto (Dahlstedt, 1900;Yuncker, 1974, Valdebenito et al, 1992, ya que éstos se consideran redundantes y no homólogos con los términos "apical" y "subapical".…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Algunos autores han señalado la utilidad del fruto para clasificar e identificar las especies de este género (Miquel, 1843;Candolle, 1869;Dahlstedt, 1900;Hill, 1906Hill, , 1907Trelease, 1922;Yuncker, 1936Yuncker, , 1974Trelease y Yuncker, 1950;Valdebenito, 1988;Valdebenito et al, 1992). Con base en las características del fruto, Dahlstedt (1900) (Trelease y Yuncker, 1950;McKendrick, 1992;Valdebenito et al, 1992).…”

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Contribución al conocimiento de <em>Peperomia</em> (Piperaceae): fruto y semillas

Colín¹,

Engleman²,

Koch³

2006

Bot. Sci.

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Peperomia Ruiz et Pavón comprises an indetermined number of species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. One reason for interest in this genus is the difficulty of determining its species. Microscopic features were studied for fruit and seed of 17 Mexican Peperomia species representing six subgenera (Acrocarpidium, Micropiper, Ogmocarpidium, Rhyncophorum, Sphaerocarpidium, and Tildenia). Results show that all 17 materials can be distinguished by fruit characters. The differences among fruits are: (a) location and insertion of fruit on rachis, (b) ovary form, (c) curvature, (d) celular composition in exocarp and endocarp, (e) style form, (f) stigma position, (g) presence of crystals in the pericarp, and (h) dermal cuticle ornamentation. New taxonomic characters are reported, and common terms concerning the insertion and appearance of the fruit are clarified. The seeds of all these species have voluminous perisperm, scarce endosperm, and an undeveloped embryo. Fruit characters in Peperomia can be useful for identifying the species of this genus. However, a thorough search in more species is suggested for additional characters or character states.

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Evolution ofPeperomia (Piperaceae) in the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Phylogenetic relationships and genetic divergence among endemic species of Berberis, Gunnera, Myrceugenia and Sophora of the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile) and their continental progenitors based on isozymes and nrITS sequences

Contribución al conocimiento de <em>Peperomia</em> (Piperaceae): fruto y semillas

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