Evolution of zygomycetous spindle pole bodies: Evidence from <i>Coemansia reversa</i> mitosis

McLaughlin, David J.; Healy, Rosanne; Celio, Gail J.; Roberson, Robert W.; Kumar, T. K. Arun

doi:10.3732/ajb.1400477

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…We provide a brief summary of these traits with an emphasis on development and refinement of evolutionary hypotheses, but direct readers to more comprehensive treatments for detailed discussions (Humber 2012, Benny et al 2014, Redecker and Schüßler 2014, McLaughlinet al 2015). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the placement of Zoopagomycota as the earliest diverging lineage of nonflagellated fungi is intriguing because some of its species have retained what may be relicts of a flagellum in the form of cylindrical, centriole-like organelles. Centriole-like organelles are associated with the nuclei of Basidiobolus of Entomophthoromycotina (McKerracher and Heath 1985, Roberson et al 2011) and Coemansia of Kickxellomycotina (McLaughlin et al 2015). In contrast to these centriole-like organelles, Mucoromycotina and Dikarya share discoidal to hemispherical spindle pole bodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to these centriole-like organelles, Mucoromycotina and Dikarya share discoidal to hemispherical spindle pole bodies. Although spindle pole bodies function as microtubule organizing centers, as do centrioles, they lack any obvious remnant of the centrioles’ characteristic 9+2 microtubule arrangement (reviewed in McLaughlin et al 2015). Broader analyses are needed, but the distribution of putative relict centrioles is consistent with flagellum loss occurring shortly before or during the diversification of Zoopagomycota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data

et al. 2016

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Zygomycete fungi were classified as a single phylum, Zygomycota, based on sexual reproduction by zygospores, frequent asexual reproduction by sporangia, absence of multicellular sporocarps, and production of coenocytic hyphae, all with some exceptions. Molecular phylogenies based on one or a few genes did not support the monophyly of the phylum, however, and the phylum was subsequently abandoned. Here we present phylogenetic analyses of a genome-scale data set for 46 taxa, including 25 zygomycetes and 192 proteins, and we demonstrate that zygomycetes comprise two major clades that form a paraphyletic grade. A formal phylogenetic classification is proposed herein and includes two phyla, six subphyla, four classes and 16 orders. On the basis of these results, the phyla Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota are circumscribed. Zoopagomycota comprises Entomophtoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina and Zoopagomycotina; it constitutes the earliest diverging lineage of zygomycetes and contains species that are primarily parasites and pathogens of small animals (e.g. amoeba, insects, etc.) and other fungi, i.e. mycoparasites. Mucoromycota comprises Glomeromycotina, Mortierellomycotina, and Mucoromycotina and is sister to Dikarya. It is the more derived clade of zygomycetes and mainly consists of mycorrhizal fungi, root endophytes, and decomposers of plant material. Evolution of trophic modes, morphology, and analysis of genome-scale data are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data

et al. 2016

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“…It has been hypothesized that the spindle pole body is derived from centrioles through the loss of the 9+2 microtubular system, though there is no support for this homology based on detectable sequence similarity. In contrast, Zoopagomycota lineages retain a functional centrosome that possesses a degenerate 9+2 microtubular system (56). Furthermore, there is some evidence that the genus Olpidium, a zoosporic fungus that retains its flagellum and infects nematodes and plant roots of Brassicaceae, may be a member of-or closely related to-Zoopagomycota (12).…”

Section: Zoopagomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies

et al. 2017

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The kingdom Fungi is one of the more diverse clades of eukaryotes in terrestrial ecosystems, where they provide numerous ecological services ranging from decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling to beneficial and antagonistic associations with plants and animals. The evolutionary relationships of the kingdom have represented some of the more recalcitrant problems in systematics and phylogenetics. The advent of molecular phylogenetics, and more recently phylogenomics, has greatly advanced our understanding of the patterns and processes associated with fungal evolution, however. In this article, we review the major phyla, subphyla, and classes of the kingdom Fungi and provide brief summaries of ecologies, morphologies, and exemplar taxa. We also provide examples of how molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary genomics have advanced our understanding of fungal evolution within each of the phyla and some of the major classes. In the current classification we recognize 8 phyla, 12 subphyla, and 46 classes within the kingdom. The ancestor of fungi is inferred to be zoosporic, and zoosporic fungi comprise three lineages that are paraphyletic to the remainder of fungi. Fungi historically classified as zygomycetes do not form a monophyletic group and are paraphyletic to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are each monophyletic and collectively form the subkingdom Dikarya.

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“…The loss of basal body in lower fungi has happened several times and a nucleus-associated spindle pole body (SPB) has evolved instead. In some cases, the SPB retains characters from an ancestral centriole intermediate between ‘lower’ fungi with motile cells and ‘higher’ fungi [154]. In spite of quite a different and simpler structure, the SPB behaves in many respects like the animal centrosome: it nucleates MTs in interphase, duplicates in S phase according to a conservative mechanism [155,156].…”

Section: Fate Of Cell Polarity At the Transition To Multicellularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell polarity: having and making sense of direction—on the evolutionary significance of the primary cilium/centrosome organ in Metazoa

Bornens¹

2018

Open Biol.

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Cell-autonomous polarity in Metazoans is evolutionarily conserved. I assume that permanent polarity in unicellular eukaryotes is required for cell motion and sensory reception, integration of these two activities being an evolutionarily constrained function. Metazoans are unique in making cohesive multicellular organisms through complete cell divisions. They evolved a primary cilium/centrosome (PC/C) organ, ensuring similar functions to the basal body/flagellum of unicellular eukaryotes, but in different cells, or in the same cell at different moments. The possibility that this innovation contributed to the evolution of individuality, in being instrumental in the early specification of the germ line during development, is further discussed. Then, using the example of highly regenerative organisms like planarians, which have lost PC/C organ in dividing cells, I discuss the possibility that part of the remodelling necessary to reach a new higher-level unit of selection in multi-cellular organisms has been triggered by conflicts among individual cell polarities to reach an organismic polarity. Finally, I briefly consider organisms with a sensorimotor organ like the brain that requires exceedingly elongated polarized cells for its activity. I conclude that beyond critical consequences for embryo development, the conservation of cell-autonomous polarity in Metazoans had far-reaching implications for the evolution of individuality.

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Evolution of zygomycetous spindle pole bodies: Evidence from Coemansia reversa mitosis

Abstract: This is the sixth type of zygomycetous SPB, and the third type that suggests a modified centriolar component. Coemansia reversa retains SPB character states from an ancestral centriole intermediate between those of fungi with motile cells and other zygomycetous fungi and Dikarya.

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data

A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data

The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies

Cell polarity: having and making sense of direction—on the evolutionary significance of the primary cilium/centrosome organ in Metazoa

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