Evolution of working dogs

Lord, Kathryn; Schneider, Richard A.; Coppinger, Raymond

doi:10.1017/9781139161800.004

Cited by 39 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Figure depicts such information as a network of the Continental and the English classes taken from the ASoP, the Rassengeflügel‐Standard für Europa, as well as further literature on poultry breeds . This scheme is in concordance with the hypothesis of high hybridization among breeds and with the latter as a mechanism of breed creation, as is well known for domestic dogs …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Morphological diversity of integumentary traits in fowl domestication: Insights from disparity analysis and embryonic development

Núñez-León

Aguirre-Fernández

Steiner

et al. 2019

Developmental Dynamics

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The domestication of the fowl resulted in a large diversity of integumental structures in chicken breeds. Several integumental traits have been investigated from a developmental genetics perspective. However, their distribution among breeds and their developmental morphology remain unexplored. We constructed a discrete trait‐breed matrix and conducted a disparity analysis to investigate the variation of these structures in chicken breeds; 20 integumental traits of 72 chicken breeds and the red junglefowl were assessed. The analyses resulted in slight groupings of breed types comparable to standard breed classification based on artificial selection and chicken type use. The red junglefowl groups together with bantams and European breeds. We provide new data on the red junglefowl and four chicken breeds, demonstrating where and when variation arises during embryonic development. We document variation in developmental timing of the egg tooth and feather formation, as well as other kinds of developmental patterning as in the anlagen of different type of combs. Changes in epithelial‐mesenchymal signaling interactions may drive the highly diverse integument in chickens. Experimental and comparative work has revealed that the cranial neural crest mesenchyme mediates its interactions with the overlying epithelium and is the likely source of patterning that generates diversity in integumental structures.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Morphological diversity of integumentary traits in fowl domestication: Insights from disparity analysis and embryonic development

Núñez-León

Aguirre-Fernández

Steiner

et al. 2019

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Nonetheless, because behavioral responses are regulated by a number of hierarchical and integrated developmental networks, such as the interactions between neurotransmitters and hormones [33–37], it is likely that rigorous selection for certain behaviors will affect other aspects of the genotype, consequently affecting the phenotype [38]. In this regard, experimental models for domestication can provide ways to test the role of NCC and other developmental pathways in generating traits most commonly found in domesticated animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial shape differences between rats selected for tame and aggressive behaviors

et al. 2017

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Domestication has been consistently accompanied by a suite of traits called the domestication syndrome. These include increased docility, changes in coat coloration, prolonged juvenile behaviors, modified function of adrenal glands and reduced craniofacial dimensions. Wilkins et al recently proposed that the mechanistic factor underlying traits that encompass the domestication syndrome was altered neural crest cell (NCC) development. NCC form the precursors to a large number of tissue types including pigment cells, adrenal glands, teeth and the bones of the face. The hypothesis that deficits in NCC development can account for the domestication syndrome was partly based on the outcomes of Dmitri Belyaev’s domestication experiments initially conducted on silver foxes. After generations of selecting for tameness, the foxes displayed phenotypes observed in domesticated species. Belyaev also had a colony of rats selected over 64 generations for either tameness or defensive aggression towards humans. Here we focus on the facial morphology of Belyaev’s tame, ‘domesticated’ rats to test whether: 1) tameness in rats causes craniofacial changes similar to those observed in the foxes; 2) facial shape, i.e. NCC-derived region, is distinct in the tame and aggressive rats. We used computed-tomography scans of rat skulls and landmark-based geometric morphometrics to quantify and analyze the facial skeleton. We found facial shape differences between the tame and aggressive rats that were independent of size and which mirrored changes seen in domesticated animals compared to their wild counterparts. However, there was no evidence of reduced sexual dimorphism in the face of the tame rats. This indicates that not all morphological changes in NCC-derived regions in the rats follow the pattern of shape change reported in domesticated animals or the silver foxes. Thus, certain phenotypic trends that are part of the domestication syndrome might not be consistently present in all experimental animal models.

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“…Similarly, results from transcriptional profiling studies point to novel signaling pathways and suites of transcription factors that are enriched in sub‐populations of neural crest (Lumb, Buckberry, Secker, Lawrence, & Schwarz, ; Simoes‐Costa & Bronner, ; Simoes‐Costa, Tan‐Cabugao, Antoshechkin, Sauka‐Spengler, & Bronner, ). Moreover, given that cranial neural crest derivatives participate deeply in the development and patterning of multiple systems including the nervous, neuroendocrine, integumentary, and skeletal, regulatory changes to the neural crest can be a major source of simultaneous evolutionary transformations in behavior, pigmentation, as well as the size and shape of cartilage and bone in the face (Lord et al, ; Sanchez‐Villagra et al, ; Schneider, ; Singh et al, ; Wilkins et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since Thompson, many other scientists have endeavored to address the origins of species-specific size and shape through mathematical, theoretical, and experimental means, ultimately in search of underlying genetic, molecular, cellular, or other developmental mechanisms including allometry and heterochrony (Alberch, 1982a(Alberch, , 1985(Alberch, , 1989Alberch, Gould, Oster, & Wake, 1979;Anderson & Busch, 1941;Atchley, Rutledge, & Cowley, 1981;Bertalanffy & Pirozynski, 1952;Clark & Medawar, 1945;Coppinger & Coppinger, 1982;Coppinger & Schneider, 1995;De Beer, 1930;De Renzi, 2009;Drake, 2011;Godfrey & Sutherland, 1995;Gould, 1966Gould, , 1971Gould, , 1977Hersh, 1934;Huxley, 1932Huxley, , 1950Huxley & Teissier, 1936;Kermack & Haldane, 1950;Klingenberg, 1998;Lande, 1979;Lord, Schneider, & Coppinger, 2016;Lumer, 1940;Minot, 1908;Needham & Lerner, 1940;Oster & Alberch, 1982;Oster, Shubin, Murray, & Alberch, 1988;Reeve, 1950;Rensch, 1948;Roth & Mercer, 2000;Shea, 1985;Smith et al, 2015;Smith, 2003;Stern & Emlen, 1999;…”

Section: Origin Of Species-specific Versus Species-generic Aspects mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But the penultimate morphological outcome for a majority of components throughout the craniofacial complex, especially in the jaws and face, arises as a function of the special intrinsic ability of neural crest cells to propagate species-specific pattern by superimposing parameters like size and shape onto more generic aspects of pattern such as axial orientation, anatomical identity, and tissue type (Fish & Schneider, 2014b). This capacity has most likely enhanced the evolutionary plasticity and potential (i.e., adaptability) of structures that contain or rely upon neural crest derivatives (Donoghue, Graham, & Kelsh, 2008;Jheon & Schneider, 2009;Le Douarin et al, 2004;Schneider, 2005;Young et al, 2014) in the pharyngeal and rostral regions of the vertebrate head Northcutt, 2005;, the lateral wall of the mammalian skull (Schneider, 1999;Smith & Schneider, 1998), and during the process of domestication (Lord et al, 2016;Sanchez-Villagra, Geiger, & Schneider, 2016;Wilkins, Wrangham, & Fitch, 2014). In fact, as described below, the degree to which neural crest cells convey species-specific patterning information, and the intrinsic mechanisms that they use, have been made most evident by leveraging chimeric transplant systems that exploit evolutionary differences among birds.…”

Section: Origin Of Species-specific Versus Species-generic Aspects mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural crest and the origin of species‐specific pattern

Schneider

2018

Genesis

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SummaryFor well over half of the 150 years since the discovery of the neural crest, the special ability of these cells to function as a source of species‐specific pattern has been clearly recognized. Initially, this observation arose in association with chimeric transplant experiments among differentially pigmented amphibians, where the neural crest origin for melanocytes had been duly noted. Shortly thereafter, the role of cranial neural crest cells in transmitting species‐specific information on size and shape to the pharyngeal arch skeleton as well as in regulating the timing of its differentiation became readily apparent. Since then, what has emerged is a deeper understanding of how the neural crest accomplishes such a presumably difficult mission, and this includes a more complete picture of the molecular and cellular programs whereby neural crest shapes the face of each species. This review covers studies on a broad range of vertebrates and describes neural‐crest‐mediated mechanisms that endow the craniofacial complex with species‐specific pattern. A major focus is on experiments in quail and duck embryos that reveal a hierarchy of cell‐autonomous and non‐autonomous signaling interactions through which neural crest generates species‐specific pattern in the craniofacial integument, skeleton, and musculature. By controlling size and shape throughout the development of these systems, the neural crest underlies the structural and functional integration of the craniofacial complex during evolution.

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Evolution of working dogs

Cited by 39 publications

References 52 publications

Morphological diversity of integumentary traits in fowl domestication: Insights from disparity analysis and embryonic development

Morphological diversity of integumentary traits in fowl domestication: Insights from disparity analysis and embryonic development

Facial shape differences between rats selected for tame and aggressive behaviors

Neural crest and the origin of species‐specific pattern

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