Evolution of Wireless Sensor Network for Air Quality Measurements

Abstract

This study addresses the development of a wireless gas sensor network with low cost, small size, and low consumption nodes for environmental applications and air quality detection. Throughout the article, the evolution of the design and development of the system is presented, describing four designed prototypes. The final proposed prototype node has the capacity to connect up to four metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors, and has high autonomy thanks to the use of solar panels, as well as having an indirect sampling system and a small size. ZigBee protocol is used to transmit data wirelessly to a self-developed data cloud. The discrimination capacity of the device was checked with the volatile organic compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). An improvement of the system was achieved to obtain optimal success rates in the classification stage with the final prototype. Data processing was carried out using techniques of pattern recognition and artificial intelligence, such as radial basis networks and principal component analysis (PCA).

Indoor Air Pollution, Related Human Diseases, and Recent Trends in the Control and Improvement of Indoor Air Quality

“…Generally, WSN is composed of tiny devices or nodes having an important role in collecting information by sensors from the environment as well as wirelessly communicating with other nodes in the system [174]. It has been indicated that in the development strategies of the WSN system, ZigBee, a wireless standard based on the IEEE 802.15.4 specification, is regarded as the most reliable communication protocol because of its low cost, low consumption, and low data rate [187,188]. In addition, use of the ZigBee protocol allows networks to work in power-saving mode [189,190].…”

Electronic Nose with Digital Gas Sensors Connected via Bluetooth to a Smartphone for Air Quality Measurements

“…Therefore, there is a need for small, low-power devices for personal air quality monitoring. As a result, different small, portable, and low-power devices have emerged [5][6][7][8][9][10]. While these devices are less accurate and show a higher uncertainty compared with reference systems, they increase the spatial density of measurements and could provide useful information to citizens.…”

Innovative Technologies and Services for Smart Cities

“…At base station, the sensed signal is demodulated. The proposed system is tested for humic acid water at 2.5 GHz frequency [13].A wireless sensor network having four metal oxide gas sensors powered by a solar panel to discriminate four volatile compounds, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) has been proposed in [14]. Pattern recognition of data is carried out by a radial basis neural network and principal component analysis.…”