Evolution of vertebrates as viewed from the crest

Green, Stephen A.; Simões-Costa, Marcos; Bronner‐Fraser, Marianne

doi:10.1038/nature14436

Cited by 194 publications

(186 citation statements)

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“…Also, in Ciona, the NPB cells that give rise to mechanosensory BTNs do not express Zic/ref-2 (25). Therefore, our data, consistent with other studies, showed that only Msx/vab-15, but not other NPB specifiers, exhibits conserved expression and a functional role in PNS progenitors across bilaterians (3,43). Finally, we have identified a novel lateral neural border specifier, ZNF703/tlp-1, and demonstrated that it functions synergistically with Msx/vab-15 in regulating the migration and differentiation of lateral neural progenitor cells in both C. elegans and Xenopus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Between the neural plate and nonneurogenic ectoderm are the NPB and PPE, from which the majority of the vertebrate PNS is derived (24). How nervous system centralization patterns come into being is a long-standing question in neural development and evolution (3,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laterally located V5 and Q neuroblasts give rise to PNS neurons; that is, V5 neuroblasts give rise to the mechanosensory neuron PVD, whereas QL and QR neuroblasts give rise to the migratory mechanosensory neurons AVM and PVM, respectively (10). Furthermore, Q neuroblasts undergo delamination and migrate along prototypical paths while dividing and differentiating (10), similar to the neural crest in vertebrates and mechanosensory bipolar tail neurons (BTNs) in tunicate (3,9). At the molecular level, Msx/vab-15 establishes the identity of the lateral boundary of the neuroectoderm in fly, annelids, amphioxus, lamprey, and higher vertebrates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neural border is composed of the lateral neural plate border (NPB) and preplacode ectoderm (PPE) subdomains (1,2). The NPB and PPE give rise to the neural crest and placode, respectively, both of which undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/delamination, migrate in prototypical paths, and give rise to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and many other cell types (3,4). However, the NPB and PPE also have many different features (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conserved gene regulatory module specifies lateral neural borders across bilaterians

Zhao

Horie

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The lateral neural plate border (NPB), the neural part of the vertebrate neural border, is composed of central nervous system (CNS) progenitors and peripheral nervous system (PNS) progenitors. In invertebrates, PNS progenitors are also juxtaposed to the lateral boundary of the CNS. Whether there are conserved molecular mechanisms determining vertebrate and invertebrate lateral neural borders remains unclear. Using single-cell-resolution gene-expression profiling and genetic analysis, we present evidence that orthologs of the NPB specification module specify the invertebrate lateral neural border, which is composed of CNS and PNS progenitors. First, like in vertebrates, the conserved neuroectoderm lateral border specifier Msx/vab-15 specifies lateral neuroblasts in Caenorhabditis elegans. Second, orthologs of the vertebrate NPB specification module (Msx/vab-15, Pax3/7/pax-3, and Zic/ref-2) are significantly enriched in worm lateral neuroblasts. In addition, like in other bilaterians, the expression domain of Msx/vab-15 is more lateral than those of Pax3/7/pax-3 and Zic/ref-2 in C. elegans. Third, we show that Msx/vab-15 regulates the development of mechanosensory neurons derived from lateral neural progenitors in multiple invertebrate species, including C. elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Ciona intestinalis. We also identify a novel lateral neural border specifier, ZNF703/tlp-1, which functions synergistically with Msx/vab-15 in both C. elegans and Xenopus laevis. These data suggest a common origin of the molecular mechanism specifying lateral neural borders across bilaterians.C. elegans | neural plate border | neural border | Msx/vab-15 | ZNF703/tlp-1 T he vertebrate neural border is a transient embryonic domain located between the neural plate and nonneurogenic ectoderm from late gastrulation to early neurulation. The neural border is composed of the lateral neural plate border (NPB) and preplacode ectoderm (PPE) subdomains (1, 2). The NPB and PPE give rise to the neural crest and placode, respectively, both of which undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/delamination, migrate in prototypical paths, and give rise to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and many other cell types (3, 4). However, the NPB and PPE also have many different features (5). For example, the PPE is confined to the anterior half of embryos and does not contribute to the central nervous system (CNS), whereas the NPB is the lateral border of the whole neural plate and consists not only of progenitors for the PNS but also those for the CNS in the dorsal neural tube. The juxtaposed localization of the CNS neuroectoderm and PNS progenitors also occurs in the trunk of invertebrate embryos such as nematodes, arthropods, annelids, and urochordates (6-9), reminiscent of vertebrate NPB. In Caenorhabditis elegans, lateral neuroblasts (P, Q, and V5 cells) are located between the embryonic CNS and skin from the birth of these cells (10). In addition, worm lateral neuroblasts possess several key cellular and developmental features of vertebra...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conserved gene regulatory module specifies lateral neural borders across bilaterians

Zhao

Horie

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…SCs originate from neural crest cells that also give rise to other cell types including sensory neurons, chondrocytes, melanocytes, smooth-muscle cells [1,2]. After specification in SC precursors, the lineage further differentiates into immature SCs that encircle bundles of axons of different calibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin-remodeling enzymes in control of Schwann cell development, maintenance and plasticity

Jacob

2017

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

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Gene regulation is essential for cellular differentiation and plasticity. Schwann cells (SCs), the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), develop from neural crest cells to mature myelinating SCs and can at early developmental stage differentiate into various cell types. After a PNS lesion, SCs can also convert into repair cells that guide and stimulate axonal regrowth, and remyelinate regenerated axons. What controls their development and versatile nature? Several recent studies highlight the key roles of chromatin modifiers in these processes, allowing SCs to regulate their gene expression profile and thereby acquire or change their identity and quickly react to their environment. AddressDepartment of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musé e 10, 1700 Fribourg, SwitzerlandCorresponding author: Jacob, Claire (claire.jacob@unifr.ch) IntroductionSCs originate from neural crest cells that also give rise to other cell types including sensory neurons, chondrocytes, melanocytes, smooth-muscle cells [1,2]. After specification in SC precursors, the lineage further differentiates into immature SCs that encircle bundles of axons of different calibers. Next, big caliber axons are sorted in a one-to-one relationship with SCs by a process called radial sorting which leads to the promyelinating stage. The last step of maturation is the myelination process where SCs build a thick myelin sheath rich in lipids around axons (Figure 1). Meanwhile, small caliber axons remain in bundles associated with non-myelinating SCs and persist as Remak bundles in adult nerves [3,4]. Myelin provides axonal insulation and fast conduction of electric signals along axons; its formation and maintenance are thus critical for neuronal functions. By contrast, myelin is detrimental for axonal regrowth after lesion, because it contains growth inhibitory proteins [5]. However, SCs react quickly to an axonal lesion by dedifferentiating, digesting their own myelin -a process called myelinophagy [6] -and converting into repair cells [7,8] that foster axonal regrowth and guide axons back to their former target [9,10]. SCs then remyelinate regenerated axons (Figure 2). This remarkable SC plasticity allows the PNS to functionally regenerate after lesion.This review is focused on the mechanisms of SC development, maintenance and plasticity after lesion controlled by chromatin-remodeling enzymes. Chromatin remodeling regulates the accessibility of genes for the transcriptional machinery, and thereby gene activation and repression. Changes of chromatin architecture are controlled by ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling and by covalent modifications, either on DNA by methylation or on histones by various post-translational modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, ADP-ribosylation. Although our knowledge on these mechanisms is still very sparse, recent findings on the functions of chromatinremodeling enzymes have significantly contributed to a better understanding of their critical fu...

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PACS‐1 contains distinct motifs for nuclear‐cytoplasmic transport and interacts with the RNA‐binding protein PTBP1 in the nucleus and cytosol

et al. 2021

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Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1 (PACS‐1) is canonically a cytosolic trafficking protein, yet recent reports have described nuclear roles for PACS‐1. Herein, we sought to define the nuclear transport mechanism of PACS‐1. We demonstrate that PACS‐1 nucleocytoplasmic trafficking is dependent on its interaction with the nuclear transport receptors importin alpha 5 and exportin 1. PACS‐1 nuclear entry and exit are defined by a nuclear localization signal (NLS, residues 311‐318) and nuclear export signal (NES3, residues 366‐375). Mutation of the PACS‐1 NLS and NES3 altered the localization of a complex formed between PACS‐1 and an RNA‐binding protein, polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 1. Overall, we identify the nuclear localization mechanism of PACS‐1 and highlight a potential role for PACS‐1 in RNA‐binding protein trafficking.

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Evolution of vertebrates as viewed from the crest

Cited by 194 publications

References 124 publications

Conserved gene regulatory module specifies lateral neural borders across bilaterians

Conserved gene regulatory module specifies lateral neural borders across bilaterians

Chromatin-remodeling enzymes in control of Schwann cell development, maintenance and plasticity

PACS‐1 contains distinct motifs for nuclear‐cytoplasmic transport and interacts with the RNA‐binding protein PTBP1 in the nucleus and cytosol

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