Evolution of Urban Spatial Cognition: Patterns of Change in Guangzhou, China

Abstract

This paper includes an analysis of the evolution of urban spatial cognition over time among a sample of Chinese students attending Zhongshan University in Guangzhou, China. Changes in the features of sketch maps, based on classifications developed by Lynch, Appleyard, as well as Golledge, are examined. The slow evolution of urban cognition and the tendency to construct maps of the same style and structure over time are noted. Explanations for the absence of changes hypothesized by various investigators are offered.

Place Learning and Spatial Cognition: A Longitudinal Study of Urban Newcomers

“…Over time, the most noticeable feature of the evolution of spatial cognition seems to be the increasing importance of paths and the diminishing significance of landmarks, especially those in the central city area. The significant increase in paths is consistent with the results of Lee and Schmidt (1988), and confirms the postulation that the urban area is conceived as a set of movements rather than fixed-point experiences. This is especially interesting in view of the fact that while all respondents were reasonably mobile, fewer than 25 per cent had their own private means of transport.…”

“…It is also apparent from these matrices that students who initially adopt a sequential style map tend to retain that style subsequently. These findings support those of Lee and Schmidt (1988) in their study in Guangzhou, China. What is clear, in addition, is the tendency for maps to improve in accuracy as they move from topological subclasses (notably fragmented, chain, scattered, and mosaic) to positional classes (network and patterned).…”

“…Notwithstanding problems of methodology, several findings emerge which largely confirm those of Lee and Schmidt (1988). Sequential maps based on path-orientation predominate, and increase in significance as spatial cognition evolves.…”

“…To date, there have been few studies which have focussed specifically on how place learning relates to the formation and development of images. Among the most notable are those by Spencer and Weetman (1981) and Lee and Schmidt (1988).…”

“…Nor did the study confirm Lynch's hypothesis that the relative importance of different elements would change as familiarity with the environment increased. Lee and Schmidt (1988) examined the evolution of urban spatial cognition over two years for a group of university students in Guangzhou, China. Their study demonstrated the dominance of maps based on path orientation, slow evolution of urban spatial cognition, and little evidence of hierarchical development.…”