Evolution of Trichocyte Keratin Associated Proteins

Wu, Dongdong; Irwin, David M.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8195-8_5

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Writing on the evolutionary sources of the KRTAPencoding genes, Wu, Irwin, and Zhang ( 8) reported that the keratin-associated proteins were con ned to the mammals, while in a later paper, Wu and Irwin wrote: "As the sequence composition of the KRTAP genes have no homology with other existing genes, it is likely that the KRTAP genes originated de novo from non-genic regions." (20). From this one might conclude that the rst KRTAP was an orphan gene, or perhaps different orphans founded the different families.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The current distribution of recently-recruited genes among chromosomes appears increasingly non-random along the evolutionary series from the tetrapoda to the primata

Stein

Hoshen

2020

Preprint

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Background: The present availability of full genome sequences of a broad range of animal species across the whole range of evolutionary history enables one to ask questions as to the distribution of genes across the chromosomes. Do newly recruited genes, clade by clade, distribute at random or at non-random locations? Results: We extracted values for the “consensus” ages of the human genes and for their current chromosome locations, from published sources. A quantitative analysis showed that the distribution of newly-added genes among and within the chromosomes appears to be increasingly non-random if one observes animals along the evolutionary series from the tetrapoda through to the great apes, whereas the oldest genes are randomly distributed.Conclusions: Randomization will result from chromosome evolution, but less and less time is available for this process as evolution proceeds. Much of the bunching of recently-added genes arises from new gene formation in gene families, near the location of genes that were recruited in the preceding phylostratum. As examples we cite the KRTAP, ZNF, OR and some minor gene families. We show that bunching can also result from the evolution of the chromosomes themselves when, as for the KRTAP genes, blocks of genes that had previously been on disparate chromosomes become linked together.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The current distribution of recently-recruited genes among chromosomes appears increasingly non-random along the evolutionary series from the tetrapoda to the primata

Stein

Hoshen

2020

Preprint

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“…The high cysteine content of EDDM is comparable to that of avian EDCRP, another cysteine-rich protein component of feathers (Strasser et al 2015), and mammalian cysteine-rich keratin-associated proteins (KRTAPs), which are components of hair and nails (Rogers et al 2001; Deb-Choudhury 2018; Plowman 2018; Wu and Irwin 2018). While KRTAPs are encoded by genes outside of the EDC, the EDCRP gene is located in the EDC but within a different region than EDDM (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunolocalization and phylogenetic profiling of the feather protein with the highest cysteine content

et al. 2019

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Feathers are the most complex skin appendages of vertebrates. Mature feathers consist of interconnected dead keratinocytes that are filled with heavily cross-linked proteins. Although the molecular architecture determines essential functions of feathers, only few feather proteins have been characterized with regard to their amino acid sequences and evolution. Here, we identify Epidermal Differentiation protein containing DPCC Motifs (EDDM) as a cysteine-rich protein that has co-evolved with other feather proteins. The EDDM gene is located within the avian epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), a cluster of genes that has originated and diversified in amniotes. EDDM shares the exon-intron organization with EDC genes of other amniotes, including humans, and a gene encoding an EDDM-like protein is present in crocodilians, suggesting that avian EDDM arose by sequence modification of an epidermal differentiation gene present in a common ancestor of archosaurs. The EDDM protein contains multiple sequence repeats and a higher number of cysteine residues than any other protein encoded in the EDC. Immunohistochemical analysis of chicken skin and skin appendages showed expression of EDDM in barb and barbules of feathers as well as in the subperiderm on embryonic scutate scales. These results suggest that the diversification and differential expression of EDDM , besides other EDC genes, was instrumental in facilitating the evolution of the most complex molecular architecture of feathers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00709-019-01381-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In this study, some members of the KRTAP family and HTR5A, KNG1, DRD3, HTR1D, TAS2R16, INSL5, TAS2R42, and GRM7 are considered to be the hub genes in the PPI network. Keratin-associated proteins (KRTAP) are the major components of hair [ 41 ]. KNG1 is believed to be related to the occurrence of thyroid cancer [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Analyses of Genes Associated with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Qiu

Zeng

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Objective. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is a common autoimmune thyroiditis, which mostly occurs in young and middle-aged women. It can be manifested as hyperthyroidism in the early stage; hypothyroidism may appear with the progression of the disease. Studies have shown that multiple factors such as heredity, environment, and autoimmunity are involved in the pathogenesis, but the specific mechanism is not clear. In our study, we tried to find key genes and potential molecular mechanisms of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis to provide new ideas for the therapeutic targets of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Method. GSE138198 and GSE54958 were downloaded from the GEO database, and two datasets were combined for analysis. The combined data were normalized to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and hub genes between DEGs were identified. We also used the miRWalk database to identify regulatory miRNAs associated with expressions of DEGs. Result. We identified 182 DEGs (160 upregulated and 22 downregulated) between Hashimoto’s disease patients and the healthy control group. GO analysis showed that DEGs were mostly concentrated in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception, intermediate filament cytoskeleton, and olfactory receptor activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs were mainly related to olfactory transduction. Some members of the KRTAP family and HTR5A, KNG1, DRD3, HTR1D, TAS2R16, INSL5, TAS2R42, and GRM7 are the most important hub genes in the PPI network. In addition, we recognized that OTUD4, LLPH, and ECHDC1 were the most important hub genes in the miRNA-target gene network. Conclusion. In this study, a series of bioinformatics analyses of DEGs were performed to identify the key genes and pathways associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. These genes and pathways provide a more detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s disease and provide new ideas for the therapeutic targets of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

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Evolution of Trichocyte Keratin Associated Proteins

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

The current distribution of recently-recruited genes among chromosomes appears increasingly non-random along the evolutionary series from the tetrapoda to the primata

The current distribution of recently-recruited genes among chromosomes appears increasingly non-random along the evolutionary series from the tetrapoda to the primata

Immunolocalization and phylogenetic profiling of the feather protein with the highest cysteine content

Integrative Analyses of Genes Associated with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

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