“…The reaction mixture consisted of vanadium(V) oxide, the appropriate organoamine, 1,4-diphosphonic acid, and HF in water with reaction temperatures in the range 100-200°C and reaction times of 3-7 days. While HF is generally added as a mineralizer to induce solubility and crystal growth rather than as a constituent of the product, oxyfluorinated products are not unusual for hybrid oxides of vanadium and molybdenum [41,53,54]. In most cases, fluoride incorporation into the product requires relatively high HF/V ratios (3:1 or greater).…”