Evolution of the Properties and Composition of Heavy Oil by Injecting Dry Boiler Flue Gas

Abstract

As the increasing pressure to carbon peak and carbon neutral has brought carbon capture and storage (CCS) to the forefront as an emission mitigation tool, greater attention is being paid to the potential for injecting dry boiler flue gas (DBFG) into oil reservoirs. With the aim to directly inject DBFG with steam into heavy oil reservoirs, this study presents the results of a laboratory investigation of the effect of DBFG on the properties and composition of heavy oil by viscosity measurement, pressure–volume–temperature measurement, high-temperature and high-pressure experiment, and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. The results of the experiments show that adding 0.5 wt % particulate matter has no obvious influence on the viscosity of heavy oil. DBFG dissolved in heavy oil can reduce viscosity, increase the flow capability, and make the heavy oil volume swell. Heavy oil is oxidized with DBFG at 140 °C, which is mainly caused by the O 2 in the DBFG, and the oxidation product is alcohol. The findings of the beneficial effect of DBFG on viscosity and swelling factor and the negligible negative effect of the small amount of nitrogen oxides, sulfides, and particulate matter in DBFG are very encouraging. It is expected that DBFG can be directly injected into heavy oil, not only for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) but also for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants, as well as for saving costs.

Advancements, Challenges, and Perspectives of Flue Gas Injection in Subsurface Formations: A Comprehensive Review

“…In essence, the primary mechanisms underlying EOR through flue gas injection in oil reservoirs include viscosity reduction, density reduction (resulting in swelling and expansion), pressure increase, and the sweeping of oil toward the production well. 146 On the basis of the experimental findings, it is evident that flue gas injection has a positive impact on the distillation of light components within crude oil, resulting in an increase in their production, particularly in the context of thermal EOR methods, such as steam flooding. Furthermore, as the proportion of flue gas in the steam flooding process increases, it significantly enhances oil sweep efficiency.…”

“…Raising the temperature of the system enhances the miscibility of flue gas in crude oil. In essence, the primary mechanisms underlying EOR through flue gas injection in oil reservoirs include viscosity reduction, density reduction (resulting in swelling and expansion), pressure increase, and the sweeping of oil toward the production well …”

All-inorganic lead halide perovskites for photocatalysis: a review

“…CO 2 and other greenhouse gases have been rapidly accumulating in the atmosphere 232 due to mankind's overreliance on fossil fuels, leading to severe and permanent effects on the ecosystem. 233,234 China is supposed to reach a "carbon peak" by 2030, 235 indicating that greenhouse gas emissions play an important role in environmental issues,; thus, photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 is considered the most promising method. [236][237][238][239] Due to their outstanding qualities, such as affordability, simplicity of the synthesis method, visible light absorption, high CO 2 adsorption surface area, and adjustable structure, all-inorganic lead halide perovskites have been proved as effective catalysts.…”

Research Progress on Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Based on CsPbBr3 Perovskite Materials

“…The inorganic halide perovskite material represented by CsPbBr 3 is more prominent in the field of photocatalysis. Pure CsPbBr 3 is not suitable for photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 , CsPbBr 3 combined with other nanomaterials to construct heterojunction composite photocatalysts significantly improves photocatalytic CO 2 The reason for the reduction efficiency is that the heterojunction composite catalyst provides additional photogenerated electron transmission channels, which accelerates the separation and migration of photogenerated electron hole pairs, thereby improving the efficiency of photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 . This article mainly explains the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 by various types of CsPbBr 3 composites.…”

“…The emergence of a large number of CO 2 emissions and energy crises has made our environment worse and worse, which has become a problem that we must solve [1] . China has proposed to reach a “carbon peak” by 2030, [2] indicating that greenhouse gas emissions have occupied an important position in environmental issues. Solar energy can provide a steady stream of energy, Photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 by solar energy to produce valuable chemicals and green fuels, [3] this method can not only solve the excessive emission of greenhouse gases, but also can solve the energy crisis, photocatalysis provides a feasible method.…”