Evolution of the precursor solution and effect on morphology of perovskite film

Xing, Rang; Tang, Na; Ding, Kun; Wang, Xuefei; Wang, Zhuo

doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2018.09.037

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Preaging the as‐casted MAPbI 3 film was reported to show higher PCE than the annealed film without preaging process, which suggests the importance of the role of residual solvent in the as‐casted nonheated perovskite film. It was reported that precursor solution aging had a significant influence on bulk and surface perovskite film morphology and thereby photovoltaic performance, in which authors claimed that precursor solution was needed to be aged before fabricating a device. However, little investigation was made to explain why the aged solution was better than a fresh solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Correlation between Iodoplumbate and Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Observed by Precursor Solution Aging

et al. 2019

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for such inconsistencies. [3] Within the 2.98 < [MA + ]/[Pb 2+ ] < 3.05 testing window for preparing MAPbI 3 (MA = CH 3 NH 3 ), open-circuit voltage (V oc ) was found to be significantly altered by a small change (Δ = 0.005) in the ratio of [MA + ] to [Pb 2+ ], which was due to change in conduction band position owing to change of I/Pb atomic ratio. This underlines the importance of precursor solution because a small change in precursor stoichiometry can result in a large variation in photovoltaic parameters. We are also aware of importance of precursor solution chemistry, as mentioned in our review article, [4] where iodoplumbate (Pb n I m ) +2n−m tends to be present in the precursor solution rather than pure Pb 2+ and I − ions, and in addition iodoplumbates are likely to interact with polar aprotic solvent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Chemical species in the precursor solution was found to play an important role in forming the intermediate phase affecting the MAPbI 3 perovskite final film quality, [5] which is indicative of the importance of the precursor solution. Preaging the as-casted MAPbI 3 film was reported to show higher PCE than the annealed film without preaging process, [6] which suggests the importance of the role of residual solvent in the as-casted nonheated perovskite film. It was reported that precursor solution aging had a significant influence on bulk and surface perovskite film morphology and thereby photovoltaic performance, [7,8] in which authors claimed that precursor solution was needed to be aged before fabricating a device. However, little investigation was made to explain why the aged solution was better than a fresh solution. For the CsPbIBr 2 case, three-week-aged solution yielded much better film crystallinity and coverage than nonaged solution. [9] However, little attempt was given to explain the dependence of crystallization kinetics on the precursor solution aging time. Regarding precursor solution aging effect, degree of chemical homogeneity of intermediates (chemical species) formed in an aged precursor solution was reported to be correlated with the photovoltaic performance of FA-CS-MA triple cation perovskite-based PSCs. [10] However, the same study with MAPbI 3 did not find any visible effect of precursor solution aging on photovoltaic performance because the intermediate formed in the aged solution was homogeneous.This study reports the aging effect of a perovskite precursor solution on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. The precursor solution is aged at different temperatures of 4, 25 (room temperature), and 65 °C. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) is found to depend on the aging condition. Average PCE increases with aging time, where optimal aging time for best the PCE decreases with aging temperature. Average PCE of 17.29% obtained from a 24 h aged solution at 4 °C is higher than that of 16.48% from a nonaged fresh solution. At 25 °C, a 2-4 h aged solution yields highest PCE of 17.41%. The aging effect is more accelerated at 65 °C, where the b...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Correlation between Iodoplumbate and Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Observed by Precursor Solution Aging

et al. 2019

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“…In this line, SEM combined with image analysis method has been used to perform the characterization of pigment particles, including particle shape and particle size. [20][21][22][23][24] Stutzman et al [25] demonstrated how XRD and SEM-XMA (X-ray micro analyzer) can be used together to obtain a better picture of cement phase composition than either method alone can provide. In the analysis of material composition, the X-ray element distribution image was known to be more quantitative than SEM-BE image due to gathering of element relation, element ratio, and chemical phase map.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of compositional particles in eye shadow powder by scanning electron microscope and X‐ray mapping

Kim¹,

Ju²,

Yu³

et al. 2022

X-Ray Spectrometry

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We developed an analysis method to evaluate the size and shape of particles of eye shadow cosmetics by applying the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with the energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Backscattered electron (BE) and X-ray mapping images from the SEM-EDS measurements were interpreted to identify the size and shape of powder particles according to different factors such as 9 size and 5 shape indices established in this work. By using the developed method, we could classify the inorganic and organic particles of the eye shadow powder by composition, which can contribute to improving the product quality.

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Evolution of the precursor solution and effect on morphology of perovskite film

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

A Correlation between Iodoplumbate and Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Observed by Precursor Solution Aging

A Correlation between Iodoplumbate and Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Observed by Precursor Solution Aging

Characterization of compositional particles in eye shadow powder by scanning electron microscope and X‐ray mapping

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