Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation from Redshift $z\approx8$ to the Local Universe

Langeroodi, Danial; Hjorth, J.; Chen, Wenlei; Kelly, Patrick L.; Williams, Hayley; Lin, Yuheng; Scarlata, Claudia; Zitrin, Adi; Broadhurst, Tom; Diego, J. M.; Huang, Xin; Filippenko, A. V.; Foley, R. J.; Koekemoer, Anton M.; Oguri, Masamune; Pérez-Fournón, I.; Pierel, Justin; Poidevin, F.; Strolger, Louis-Gregory

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2212.02491

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Based on these calibrations, we find that the galaxies at z = 8 − 9 fall below the mass-metallicity relations, at z = 0 − 3 (e.g., Sanders et al 2021) extrapolated down to M star ∼ 10 7 M e . This is generally consistent with the model predictions (e.g., Schaye et al 2015;Ma et al 2016;Pallottini et al 2022;Ucci et al 2023) and the recent JWST results of the mass-metallicity measurements at z = 5 − 9.5 (Heintz et al 2022;Langeroodi et al 2022;Matthee et al 2022a), but with different calibrations (e.g., Bian et al 2018;Curti et al 2020). By applying the R3 calibrations to these recent JWST results in the same manner as above, we obtain 12 log O H 7.7 8.1 + -( )  and ;7.5 − 7.8 for the z = 5 − 7 field galaxies, and the lensed galaxies at z = 6.9 − 8.1, respectively.…”

Section: Chemical Evolutionsupporting

confidence: 91%

CEERS Spectroscopic Confirmation of NIRCam-selected z ≳ 8 Galaxy Candidates with JWST/NIRSpec: Initial Characterization of Their Properties

Fujimoto

Haro

Dickinson

et al. 2023

ApJL

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We present JWST NIRSpec spectroscopy for 11 galaxy candidates with photometric redshifts of z ≃ 9 − 13 and M UV ∈ [ −21, −18] newly identified in NIRCam images in the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. We confirm emission line redshifts for 7 galaxies at z = 7.762–8.998 using spectra at ∼1–5 μm either with the NIRSpec prism or its three medium-resolution (R ∼ 1000) gratings. For z ≃ 9 photometric candidates, we achieve a high confirmation rate of ≃90%, which validates the classical dropout selection from NIRCam photometry. No robust emission lines are identified in three galaxy candidates at z > 10, where the strong [O iii] and Hβ lines would be redshifted beyond the wavelength range observed by NIRSpec, and the Lyα continuum break is not detected with the sensitivity of the current data. Compared with Hubble Space Telescope-selected bright galaxies (M UV ≃ −22) that are similarly spectroscopically confirmed at z ≃ 8 − 9, these NIRCam-selected galaxies are characterized by lower star formation rates (SFRs; SFR ≃ 4 M ⊙ yr−1) and lower stellar masses (≃108 M ⊙), but with higher specific SFR (≃40 Gyr−1), higher [O iii]+Hβ equivalent widths (≃1100 Å), and elevated production efficiency of ionizing photons ( log ( ξ ion / Hz erg − 1 ) ≃ 25.8 ) induced by young stellar populations (<10 Myr) accounting for ≃20% of the galaxy mass, highlighting the key contribution of faint galaxies to cosmic reionization. Taking advantage of the homogeneous selection and sensitivity, we also investigate metallicity and ISM conditions with empirical calibrations using the [O iii]5008/Hβ ratio. We find that galaxies at z ≃ 8 − 9 have higher SFRs and lower metallicities than galaxies at similar stellar masses at z ≃ 2 − 6, which is generally consistent with the current galaxy formation and evolution models.

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Section: Chemical Evolutionsupporting

confidence: 91%

CEERS Spectroscopic Confirmation of NIRCam-selected z ≳ 8 Galaxy Candidates with JWST/NIRSpec: Initial Characterization of Their Properties

Fujimoto

Haro

Dickinson

et al. 2023

ApJL

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“…We calculate the mass of stars within the region of 0.3 R vir . In Figure 3, we also plot the MZR for local galaxies from Curti et al (2020) (dashed line) and recent JWST observation results of high-redshift galaxies (Sun et al 2022;Curti et al 2022;Langeroodi et al 2022;Williams et al 2022). Curti et al (2022) estimated metallicities of SMACS field galaxies by direct method, Sun et al Our simulated galaxies have similar metallicities (oxygen abundance) and stellar masses to the observed ones.…”

Section: The Mass-metallicity Relationsupporting

confidence: 53%

Simulations of high-redshift [OIII] emitters: Chemical evolution and multi-line diagnostics

Nakazato¹,

Yoshida²,

Ceverino³

2023

Preprint

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Recent observations by James Webb Space Telescope discovered a number of high-redshift galaxies with strong emission lines from doubly ionized oxygen. Combined with ALMA observations of farinfrared lines, multi-line diagnostics can be applied to the high-redshift galaxies in order to probe the physical conditions of the inter-stellar medium. We study the formation and evolution of galaxies using the FirstLight simulation suite, which provides outputs of 62 high-resolution, zoom-in galaxy simulations. We devise a physical model of Hii regions and calculate spatially resolved [Oiii] line emission. We show that massive galaxies with stellar masses of M * > 10 9 M chemically evolve rapidly to z = 9. Young stellar populations in the star-forming galaxies boost the [Oiii] line emission, rendering the ratio of line luminosity to star formation rate larger than that for low-redshift galaxies, which is consistent with recent observations. Measuring the flux ratios of rest-frame optical and far-infrared lines allows us to estimate the physical conditions such as density and metallicity of the star-forming gas in high-redshift [Oiii] emitters.

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“…The recent commissioning of JWST is transforming our ability to probe ISM physics in the early Universe. Already, emission line measurements from medium-depth observations from the initial months of JWST operations have observed z 6 galaxies to exhibit generally low metallicity, high ionisation, high excitation, and high temperature (Curti et al 2023;Katz et al 2023;Sun et al 2022a;Rhoads et al 2022;Tacchella et al 2022;Trump et al 2022;Langeroodi et al 2022;Williams et al 2022;Heintz et al 2022;Matthee et al 2022;Sanders et al 2023;Nakajima et al 2023;Tang et al 2023). Furthermore, the observed emission spectra of some of these targets have been found to be consistent with the presence of AGN activity (Brinchmann 2022), while Katz et al (2023) suggested that the presence of high mass X-ray binaries could help to explain the observed emission line ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

JADES: Probing interstellar medium conditions at $z\sim5.5-9.5$ with ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy

Cameron¹,

Saxena²,

Bunker³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We present emission line ratios from a sample of 26 Lyman break galaxies from z ∼ 5.5 − 9.5 with −17.0 < M 1500 < −20.4, measured from ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec MSA spectroscopy from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). We use a combination of 28 hour deep PRISM/CLEAR and 7 hour deep G395M/F290LP observations to measure, or place strong constraints on, ratios of widely studied rest-frame optical emission lines including Hα, Hβ,, and [S ii] λλ6716, 6731 in individual z > 5.5 spectra. We find that the emission line ratios exhibited by these z ∼ 5.5 − 9.5 galaxies occupy clearly distinct regions of line-ratio space compared to typical z ∼ 0 − 3 galaxies, instead being more consistent with extreme populations of lower-redshift galaxies. This is best illustrated by the [O iii]/[O ii] ratio, tracing interstellar medium (ISM) ionisation, in which we observe more than half of our sample to have [O iii]/[O ii] > 10. Our high signal-to-noise spectra reveal more than an order of magnitude of scatter in line ratios such as [O ii]/Hβ and [O iii]/[O ii], indicating significant diversity in the ISM conditions within the sample. We find no convincing detections of [N ii] λ6583 in our sample, either in individual galaxies, or a stack of all G395M/F290LP spectra. The emission line ratios observed in our sample are generally consistent with galaxies with extremely high ionisation parameters (log U ∼ −1.5), and a range of metallicities spanning from ∼ 0.1 × Z to higher than ∼ 0.3 × Z , suggesting we are probing low-metallicity systems undergoing periods of rapid star-formation, driving strong radiation fields. These results highlight the value of deep observations in constraining the properties of individual galaxies, and hence probing diversity within galaxy population.

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Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation from Redshift $z\approx8$ to the Local Universe

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

CEERS Spectroscopic Confirmation of NIRCam-selected z ≳ 8 Galaxy Candidates with JWST/NIRSpec: Initial Characterization of Their Properties

CEERS Spectroscopic Confirmation of NIRCam-selected z ≳ 8 Galaxy Candidates with JWST/NIRSpec: Initial Characterization of Their Properties

Simulations of high-redshift [OIII] emitters: Chemical evolution and multi-line diagnostics

JADES: Probing interstellar medium conditions at $z\sim5.5-9.5$ with ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy

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