Evolution of the gypsum karst of Sorbas (SE Spain)

Calaforra, J. M.; Pulido−Bosch, A.

doi:10.1016/s0169-555x(02)00213-1

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The apparent discharged groundwater volumes are relatively high compared to other tracer test results obtained in different evaporitic settings (Tab. 3), except for the investigations described by Forti (1993), which correspond to enormous speleogenetic networks (Forti & Sauro, 1996;Calaforra & Pulido-Bosch, 2003) Even though the distance between the IP1 swallow hole and the Lower Anzur spring is almost double that for IP3-Lower Anzur spring (Fig. 1), the first detection of URN occurred only 4 h after the arrival of PYR (Tab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Karst development of an evaporitic system and its hydrogeological implications inferred from GIS-based analysis and tracing techniques

Gil‐Márquez¹,

Barberá²,

Mudarra³

et al. 2017

IJS

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Abstract:The geomorphological characteristics and hydrogeological functioning of a geologically heterogeneous evaporitic karst plateau in Southern Spain were studied. Land surface information (LiDAR data) was used to analyze the shape and distribution of closed depressions. An artificial tracer test and monitoring of the natural responses of the main spring have allowed to infer the karstic development of the studied system. Three dyes were injected in selected swallow holes to trace the main groundwater flowpaths and to estimate the dimension of the conduit network. Discharge, electrical conductivity and temperature were monitored in the groundwater that drains the evaporitic plateau during an individual and intense recharge pulse. Tracing techniques were adapted to high salinity environments by using specific calibration standards (NaCl + dye). The hydrological connection detected between two of the swallow holes and the outlet, and the deduced orientation pattern for closed areas, would suggest that the karst evolution (internal and external) is related to fault orientation. The rapid tracer detection (16-20 h) and high estimated maximum flow velocities (125-192 m/h), together with the fast impulsional response of the controlled physicalchemical parameters in spring waters (~15-16 h) demonstrate the existence of quick flows under recharge conditions with well-defined system drainage, indicating a high degree of internal karstification (estimated master conduit diameter ~1.5 m). However, flooding of the depressions feeding swallow holes and analysis of the spring response times from natural and artificial tracers point to a restriction of the system´s drainage, most likely due to the constrained morphology of the karst conduits. This results in sustained recharge periods and delayed spring responses of some parameters, highlighting the relevant role of concentrated recharge in the hydrogeological behavior of the studied evaporitic karst. Gil-Márquez J.M., Barberá J.A., Mudarra M., Andreo B., Prieto-Mera J., Sánchez D., RizoDecelis L.D., Argamasilla M., Nieto J.M. and de la Torre B., 2017. Karst development of an evaporitic system and its hydrogeological implications inferred from GIS-based analysis and tracing techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Karst development of an evaporitic system and its hydrogeological implications inferred from GIS-based analysis and tracing techniques

Gil‐Márquez¹,

Barberá²,

Mudarra³

et al. 2017

IJS

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“…Many studies have demonstrated the strong link between the hydrogeology and geomorphological evolution of these areas (e.g., Calaforra & Pulido, 2003). This is even more evident in the case of gypsum karst speleogenesis with respect to karstification in other rock types.…”

Section: Cave Morphotypes -Examples Of Gypsum Speleogenesismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This arrangement of sedimentary beds has a great influence on the morphology of the cave. It is without doubt, one of the most peculiar caves in terms of its speleogenesis (Calaforra & Pulido-Bosch, 2003). The cave is developed in six levels following the stratification planes between marls and gypsum.…”

Section: Covadura: An Interstratified Cavementioning

confidence: 99%

Gypsum speleogenesis: a hydrogeological classification of gypsum caves

Calaforra¹,

Gázquez²

2017

IJS

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Abstract:This article reviews the state of the art of speleogenetic investigations in gypsum karsts from numerous studies carried out over the past 50 years in Spain. A classification of gypsum karsts is proposed based on the hydrogeological, tectonic and stratigraphic criteria that decisively control the evolution of gypsum karsts. In this respect, lithological aspects of Messinian and Triassic-Permian gypsum series in south-eastern Spain are considered, such as the alternation of rhythmic levels of marl and gypsum, as well as geodynamic aspects. The influence of the hydrogeological characteristics of evaporite aquifers on gypsum cave speleogenesis is discussed; this includes speleogenetic processes in confined, semi-confined or free aquifers controlled by regional and local base levels. Also, the importance of intense saline diapiric uplift is examined. To illustrate our classification, examples of gypsum caves developed in Spain are presented. Their similarities and differences with gypsum karsts in other regions (Italy, Ukraine, and USA) are discussed. A first general division addresses: (1) caves controlled by stratigraphic factors and (2) caves controlled by tectonic factors. Several typologies can be described, including (A) multilayer caves with confined hydrogeological origin, (B) confined hypophreatic caves with linear or maze configurations, (C) caves controlled by the variation or remanence of regional or local base-levels, and (D) caves controlled by the halokinetic evolution of salt/gypsum diapirs. The proposed classification is flexible and adaptable to each case, because different genetic mechanisms can coincide in time and space. Likewise, most considerations stated in this work about gypsum karst are valid for speleogenesis in other rock types.caves, gypsum, karst, speleogenesis

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“…Gypsum possesses good water-bearing capacity due to karstification across the discontinuities. Water flows both through the large channels and in the gypsum matrix (Calaforra and Pulido-Bosch 2003). The main spring, Los Molinos, is located in a gypsum canyon excavated by the river Aguas.…”

Section: Boron In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, characterisation of the hydrogeochemistry is also complex, as can be seen from the numerous published studies dealing with these aquifers, by the Group Water Resources and Environmental Geology at the University of Almería (Calaforra and Pulido-Bosch 2003;Sánchez-Martos and Pulido-Bosch 1999;Sánchez Martos et al 2002;Molina et al 2002Molina et al , 2003Pulido-Bosch et al 2000;Pulido-Leboeuf et al 2003;Pulido-Leboeuf 2004;Vallejos et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Salinisation Processes in Aquifers Using Boron Isotopes; Application to South-Eastern Spain

Morell

Pulido−Bosch

Martos

et al. 2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Evolution of the gypsum karst of Sorbas (SE Spain)

Cited by 51 publications

References 6 publications

Karst development of an evaporitic system and its hydrogeological implications inferred from GIS-based analysis and tracing techniques

Karst development of an evaporitic system and its hydrogeological implications inferred from GIS-based analysis and tracing techniques

Gypsum speleogenesis: a hydrogeological classification of gypsum caves

Characterization of the Salinisation Processes in Aquifers Using Boron Isotopes; Application to South-Eastern Spain

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