Evolution of the eucalypts – an interpretation from the macrofossil record

Hill, Robert S.; Beer, Y.K.; Hill, Kathryn E.; Maciunas, Elizabeth; Tarran, Myall; Wainman, Carmine

doi:10.1071/bt16117

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Evidence from the fossil record and molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest eucalypts arose in what is now South America during the late Cretaceous or early Paleogene (Hill et al 2016). During the late stages of the breaking up of the supercontinent Gondwana, their territory expanded and bridged into western Antarctica, New Zealand and southeastern Australia.…”

Section: Mdamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of phosphorus application on drought resistant responses of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings

Tariq

Pan

Olatunji

et al. 2019

Physiologia Plantarum

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Eucalyptus grandis is the most widely planted tree species worldwide and can face severe drought during the initial months after planting because the root system is developing. A complete randomized design was used to study the effects of two water regimes (well‐watered and water‐stressed) and phosphorus (P) applications (with and without P) on the morphological and physio‐biochemical responses of E. grandis. Drought had negative effects on the growth and metabolism of E. grandis, as indicated by changes in morphological traits, decreased net photosynthetic rates (Pn), pigment concentrations, leaf relative water contents (LRWCs), nitrogenous compounds, over‐production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher lipid peroxidation. However, E. grandis showed effective drought tolerance strategies, such as reduced leaf area and transpiration rate (E), higher accumulation of soluble sugars and proline and a strong antioxidative enzyme system. P fertilization had positive effects on well‐watered seedlings due to improved growth and photosynthesis, which indicated the high P requirements during the initial E. grandis growth stage. In drought‐stressed seedlings, P application had no effects on the morphological traits, but it significantly improved the LRWC, Pn, quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll pigments, nitrogenous compounds and reduced lipid peroxidation. P fertilization improved E. grandis seedling growth under well‐watered conditions but also ameliorated some leaf physiological traits under drought conditions. The effects of P fertilization are mainly due to the enhancement of plant N nutrition. Therefore, P can be used as a fertilizer to improve growth and production in the face of future climate change.

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Section: Mdamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of phosphorus application on drought resistant responses of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings

Tariq

Pan

Olatunji

et al. 2019

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Fire is a key ecological and evolutionary agent that has shaped the vegetation landscape of Australia (Bowman, 2000;Keeley et al, 2011;Hill et al, 2016;Hill, 2017). While fire is of central importance in the regeneration and maintenance of many Australian species (so-called pyrophytic) (Williams and Woinarski, 1997;Keeley et al, 2011), some species are extremely fire-sensitive and often experience widespread mortality and regeneration failure following fire (Kirkpatrick and Dickinson, 1984;Cullen and Kirkpatrick, 1988;Bowman, 2000;Holz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of fine‐scale topography on the impacts of Holocene fire in a Tasmanian montane landscape

Cadd

Fletcher

Mariani

et al. 2019

J Quaternary Science

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Tasmania's montane temperate rainforests contain some of Australia's most ancient and endemic flora. Recent landscape‐scale fires have impacted a significant portion of these rainforest ecosystems. The complex and rugged topography of Tasmania results in a highly variable influence of fire across the landscape, rendering predictions of ecosystem response to fire difficult. We assess the role of topographic variation in buffering the influence of fire in these endemic rainforest communities. We developed a new 14 000‐year (14‐ka) palaeoecological dataset from Lake Perry, southern Tasmania, and compared it to neighbouring Lake Osborne (<250 m distant) to examine how topographic variations influence fire and vegetation dynamics through time. Repeated fire events during the Holocene cause a decline in montane rainforest taxa at both sites; however, in the absence of fire, rainforest taxa are able to recover. Montane temperate rainforest taxa persisted at Lake Perry until European settlement, whilst these taxa were driven locally extinct and replaced by Eucalyptus species at Lake Osborne after 2.5 ka. Contiguous topographic fire refugia within the Lake Perry catchment probably provided areas of favourable microclimates that discouraged fire spread and supported the recovery of these montane temperate rainforests. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The earliest fossil eucalypt-type pollen from Myrtaceidites tenuis, which is considered to be a precursor of eucalypts, has been found not only in Australia, but also in eastern Antarctica (Macphail and Thornhill 2016). The point of origin of eucalypts is uncertain (Hill et al 2016), but their dispersal to or from South America must have taken place when what has become Australia was still linked to South America by Antarctica (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Dispersal Over Very Long Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going nowhere fast: a review of seed dispersal in eucalypts

Booth¹

2017

Aust. J. Bot.

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Abstract. Eucalypt species have several features that make them particularly well suited for climate change studies. A key assumption is that they have very limited powers of dispersal. If this is correct, it means that climate change analyses to the end of this century can concentrate mainly on assessing whether or not eucalypt species are likely to be able to survive at their existing sites. A recent major climate change study of more than 600 eucalypt species for the period 2014-2085 has used 5 km as a usual dispersal limit for the period to 2085, with the possibility of rare long-distance events. The review presented here considers how far natural stands of eucalypt species are likely to be able to migrate in the period to 2085. It is the first review to consider eucalypt seed dispersal as its major focus. It draws on evidence from millions of years ago to the present, and from eucalypt stands in Australia and around the world. Although rare long-distance events cannot be entirely ruled out, it is concluded that the great bulk of the evidence available indicates that the most likely potential dispersal rate is equivalent to about 1-2 m per year, i.e.~70-140 m in the period to 2085. Over decades, this is likely to occur as a series of stepwise events, associated with disturbances such as bushfires. However, limitations such as inadequate remnant eucalypt stands and extensive agricultural developments may reduce actual migration rates below even this modest potential.

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Evolution of the eucalypts – an interpretation from the macrofossil record

Cited by 31 publications

References 47 publications

Impact of phosphorus application on drought resistant responses of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings

Impact of phosphorus application on drought resistant responses of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings

The influence of fine‐scale topography on the impacts of Holocene fire in a Tasmanian montane landscape

Going nowhere fast: a review of seed dispersal in eucalypts

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