Evolution of the electron structure and excitation spectrum in palladium as a result of hydrogen absorption

Warm Dense Matter Generation and DD Synthesis at Vacuum Discharge with Deuterium‐Loaded Pd Anode

“…The oscillation scales are being commensurable with the lattice parameter (typically, ∼ 0.3-0.4 nm). As a result, as authors supposed [20,37], the correspondent acceleration of D + could lead to enhance of DD-reaction yield even for a low energy deuteride excitation.…”

“…This is one of the number of models which are developing to explain the possible so-called low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) at deuterium-loaded Pd ( see review [36]). Recent theoretical study [37] and calculations [20] have shown that the excitation of the hydrogen subsystem (which leads to desorption of H,D) as a result of the electron bombardment is stipulated by the generation of plasma oscillations in the crystalline lattice, which are localized preferentially in the vicinity of hydrogen (deuterium) atoms. This process results in the electron-density oscillations and in the appearance of strong electric fields (∼ 10 8 V/cm) in the volume and on the plane of the hydride.…”

“…Meanwhile, namely during recent few years the special interest to the systems like "electron beam -deuterium loaded Pd" have increased and some experimental data and related models have appeared. In particular, the model of stimulation of DD reaction by electron beams at loaded Pd surface have been presented [20]. This is one of the number of models which are developing to explain the possible so-called low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) at deuterium-loaded Pd ( see review [36]).…”

“…However, the available stage of study does not allow us to share properly the possible standard explosive evaporation of anode material by electron beam [7] (or any superheating effects under fast energy deposition [39]) from more exciting scenario of triggering any nuclear reactions on deuterium-loaded Pd anode surface by electron beams at the process of vacuum discharge. But if these kind of anode ectons do exist, in fact, their nature could be related with effects of electron beam -loaded Pd surface micro pores interactions at initial stage of discharge ("classical" physics like micro-scale system of IECF with multichannel microreactor at r V C → 0 [35], figs.17,18) or could be related with some LENR effects stimulated by electron beam (like discussed at [20,37,38]). The overlapping of both mechanisms is not excluded also, and have to be a subject of further study as well as analysis and verification of other mechanisms, like recently recognizing the opportunity of laser-driven (or beam-driven) microfusion in ultra-dense deuterium clusters as dislocation cores at host lattice [21,22].…”

“…(This metallic phase have been predicted also [19]). Spectra of collective excitations at deuterium -loaded Pd were considered in [20], and have been shown that excitation of the hydrogen subsystem as a result of the electron bombardment is specified by the generation of plasmons in the crystalline lattice, which are localized in the vicinity of hydrogen (deuterium) atoms. Further, very recent studies of dense hydrogen shown that even denser material may exist, called ultra-dense deuterium ( with the bound DD distance is 2.3 pm, corresponding to ∼ 8 × 10 28 cm −3 , which was estimated directly from experiment [21]).…”