Evolution of the COVID-19 vaccine development landscape

Le, Tung Thanh; Cramer, Jakob P.; Chen, Robert; Mayhew, Stephen D.

doi:10.1038/d41573-020-00151-8

Cited by 610 publications

(481 citation statements)

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“…However, due to intricacies of clinical trial design with strict inclusion/exclusion criteria most COVID-19 vaccine studies may fail to include a sufficient number of older individuals, in particular those in their 70s and 80s. As of 3 of September 2020, the COVID-19 vaccine development landscape includes 33 vaccine candidates in clinical trials, of which 6 candidates are currently in phase III clinical trials (185).…”

Section: Reflections On Covid-19 Vaccination Strategies For the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly

2020

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One of the most appreciated consequences of immunosenescence is an impaired response to vaccines with advanced age. While most studies report impaired antibody responses in older adults as a correlate of vaccine efficacy, it is now widely appreciated that this may fail to identify important changes occurring in the immune system with age that may affect vaccine efficacy. The impact of immunosenescence on vaccination goes beyond the defects on antibody responses as T cell-mediated responses are reshaped during aging and certainly affect vaccination. Likewise, age-related changes in the innate immune system may have important consequences on antigen presentation and priming of adaptive immune responses. Importantly, a low-level chronic inflammatory status known as inflammaging has been shown to inhibit immune responses to vaccination and pharmacological strategies aiming at blocking baseline inflammation can be potentially used to boost vaccine responses. Yet current strategies aiming at improving immunogenicity in the elderly have mainly focused on the use of adjuvants to promote local inflammation. More research is needed to understand the role of inflammation in vaccine responses and to reconcile these seemingly paradoxical observations. Alternative approaches to improve vaccine responses in the elderly include the use of higher vaccine doses or alternative routes of vaccination showing only limited benefits. This review will explore novel targets and potential new strategies for enhancing vaccine responses in older adults, including the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and immunomodulators.

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Section: Reflections On Covid-19 Vaccination Strategies For the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly

2020

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“…In severe cases, interstitial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, septic shock and cytokine storm may occur, even leading to the death of the patient [6,7]. There is currently no specific vaccine for this disease [8]. At present, the treatment consists of isolating the patient and managing the clinical symptoms [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Risk Management and Screening in the Penitentiary Facilities of the Salerno Province in Southern Italy

Pagano

Maiese

Izzo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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(1) Background: The emergency linked to the spread of COVID-19 in Italy has led to inevitable consequences on the penitentiary system. The risks of this emergency in prisons is mainly related to the problem of persistent overcrowding that makes social distancing difficult and the isolation of any contagion hard to arrange. The Department of Protection for Adults and Minors of the ASL Salerno Criminal Area has taken steps in order to perform screening operations and minimize the risks for prisoners and operators. (2) Methods: We conducted a two-phase observational study. In the first phase, we offered and then executed serum COVID-19 screening to all the convicted inmates. For those who had a doubtful or positive result, a swab was executed in the shortest time possible. In the second phase, a pharyngeal swab was offered and executed to all the police officers, the penitentiary administrative staff and the medical personnel working in the prison. (3) Results: In the first phase, we executed 485 COVID-19 blood tests on prisoners, 3 (0.61%) of which were positive. The three positive inmates underwent nasopharyngeal swabbing, which ultimately were negative. After that, we executed 276 nasopharyngeal swabs on the prison personnel, penitentiary administrative staff and medical personnel—all were negative. (4) Conclusion: All tests (blood tests and swabs) that were carried out on the prisoners and on the staff were negative for COVID-19. We believe that all prisons in Italy and in the world should take action to ensure preventive and control measures in order to safeguard the health of the prison population and of all the people who work there.

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“…Of these, 33 are being tested in human clinical trials that plan to enrol 280 000 people from 34 countries. We are told that “data to support licensure are anticipated to be available later this year.”13…”

Section: No—charles Weijermentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 vaccines: Should we allow human challenge studies to infect healthy volunteers with SARS-CoV-2?

McPartlin

Morrison

Rohrig

et al. 2020

BMJ

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Evolution of the COVID-19 vaccine development landscape

Cited by 610 publications

References 0 publications

Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly

Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly

COVID-19 Risk Management and Screening in the Penitentiary Facilities of the Salerno Province in Southern Italy

Covid-19 vaccines: Should we allow human challenge studies to infect healthy volunteers with SARS-CoV-2?

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