Evolution of the C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor Genes of the DECTIN-1 Cluster in the NK Gene Complex

Abstract

<jats:p>Pattern recognition receptors are crucial in initiating and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses and often belong to families of structurally and evolutionarily related proteins. The human C-type lectin-like receptors encoded in the DECTIN-1 cluster within the NK gene complex contain prominent receptors with pattern recognition function, such as DECTIN-1 and LOX-1. All members of this cluster share significant homology and are considered to have arisen from subsequent gene duplications. Recent developments in sequencing and the availability of comprehensive sequence data comprising many species showed that the receptors of the DECTIN-1 cluster are not only homologous to each other but also highly conserved between species. Even in<jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</jats:italic>, genes displaying homology to the mammalian C-type lectin-like receptors have been detected. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic survey and give an up-to-date overview of the currently available data on the evolutionary emergence of the DECTIN-1 cluster genes.</jats:p>

Association of coronary artery calcification with liver fibrosis in Japanese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

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“…A scavenger receptor called lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LOX)‐1, rather than the regular LDL receptor, accepts Ox‐LDL as a ligand, binds and internalizes it by receptor‐mediated endocytosis . This comprises an initial step of a number of pathways that contribute in crucial cellular functions, as phagocytosis, apoptosis, activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway and production of cytokines as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) . These pathways are considered cornerstones in the initiation and progression of diversity of pathological conditions.…”

The CARD-CC/Bcl10/paracaspase signaling complex is functionally conserved since the last common ancestor of Planulozoa

“…RIG-I has also been shown to be functionally conserved as far back as mollusks (Zhang et al 2014). The most prominent role of CARD9 is however in a CBM complex in the evolutionary conserved C-type lectin signaling pathway (Sattler et al 2012;Drummond and Lionakis 2016). CARD9 is critical for C-type lectin-mediated immunity against fungal infections in humans, which is also the most clinically relevant effect of CARD9 deficiency (Alves de Medeiros et al 2016).…”

“…ITAM receptors and Syk : a potential original pathway for the CBM complex Given the CARD9-like domain organization of the invertebrate CARD-CC homologs, it is tempting to speculate that the original role of the CBM complex was in the evolutionary conserved C-type lectin signaling pathway (Sattler et al 2012;Drummond and Lionakis 2016). CARD9 is critical for immunity against fungal infections in humans (Alves de Medeiros et al 2016).…”