Evolution of the BCL-2-Regulated Apoptotic Pathway

Aouacheria, Abdel; Goff, Emilie Le; Godefroy, Nelly; Baghdiguian, Stephen

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41324-2_9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…In contrast to genomes of other basal metazoans, Bcl-2 family proteins were not identified in the genomes of the ctenophores (sea jellies) M. leidyi [ 47 ] or P. bachei [ 48 ], or in myxozoans, obligate parasites closely related to cnidarians. Furthermore, database searches reported here and by others [ 17 ] did not identify Bcl-2 proteins in pre-metazoans, such as the choanozoans and its sister clade filastereans (e.g., Monosiga brevicollis [ 72 ] and Capsapora owczarzaki [ 73 ], a choanaflagellate and a filasterean, respectively) a group of single-celled organisms postulated to be a sister group to the metazoans [ 74 ]. Although some viral genomes contain examples of Bcl-2 proteins [ 75 ], the Bcl-2 family appears to be a uniquely metazoan set of genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Lineage-specific diversification and gene losses have contributed to numerous differences in apoptotic programs [ 17 ], and combined with differences in network size, specialization, specificity, intracellular location, expression levels and cell-type expression establish a complex web of actions for the Bcl-2 proteins. Notwithstanding the conservation of Bcl-2 sequences and structure, evolution has produced mechanistic divergences in their utilization as activators of the caspase cascade [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metazoans and Intrinsic Apoptosis: An Evolutionary Analysis of the Bcl-2 Family

Suraweera

Banjara

Hinds

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family is a group of genes regulating intrinsic apoptosis, a process controlling events such as development, homeostasis and the innate and adaptive immune responses in metazoans. In higher organisms, Bcl-2 proteins coordinate intrinsic apoptosis through their regulation of the integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane; this function appears to have originated in the basal metazoans. Bcl-2 genes predate the cnidarian-bilaterian split and have been identified in porifera, placozoans and cnidarians but not ctenophores and some nematodes. The Bcl-2 family is composed of two groups of proteins, one with an α-helical Bcl-2 fold that has been identified in porifera, placozoans, cnidarians, and almost all higher bilaterians. The second group of proteins, the BH3-only group, has little sequence conservation and less well-defined structures and is found in cnidarians and most bilaterians, but not porifera or placozoans. Here we examine the evolutionary relationships between Bcl-2 proteins. We show that the structures of the Bcl-2-fold proteins are highly conserved over evolutionary time. Some metazoans such as the urochordate Oikopleura dioica have lost all Bcl-2 family members. This gene loss indicates that Bcl-2 regulated apoptosis is not an absolute requirement in metazoans, a finding mirrored in recent gene deletion studies in mice. Sequence analysis suggests that at least some Bcl-2 proteins lack the ability to bind BH3-only antagonists and therefore potentially have other non-apoptotic functions. By examining the foundations of the Bcl-2 regulated apoptosis, functional relationships may be clarified that allow us to understand the role of specific Bcl-2 proteins in evolution and disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metazoans and Intrinsic Apoptosis: An Evolutionary Analysis of the Bcl-2 Family

Suraweera

Banjara

Hinds

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The short BH3 sequence motif (one of four BCL-2 homology/BH motifs) of the proapoptotic BCL-2 homologs BAX and BAK binds to a deep cleft on the antiapoptotic proteins BCL-2, BCL-xL, BCL-W, and MCL-1, and the resulting heterodimers are considered mutually inhibitory. BCL-2 homologs are found widely in metazoans, including simple animals lacking organs, and in several tumor-associated viruses (3). Deletion of one or more BCL-2 family members in cultured cells demonstrates that these proteins are not essential, but genetic knockouts of one or more of these family members in mice typically have severe consequences, testifying to their roles in development as well as normal physiology.…”

Section: Apoptosis By Its Restricted Definition Applies To Animals No...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death in Unicellular Versus Multicellular Organisms

Kulkarni,

Hardwick

2023

Annu. Rev. Genet.

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Programmed cell death (self-induced) is intrinsic to all cellular life forms, including unicellular organisms. However, cell death research has focused on animal models to understand cancer, degenerative disorders, and developmental processes. Recently delineated suicidal death mechanisms in bacteria and fungi have revealed ancient origins of animal cell death that are intertwined with immune mechanisms, allaying earlier doubts that self-inflicted cell death pathways exist in microorganisms. Approximately 20 mammalian death pathways have been partially characterized over the last 35 years. By contrast, more than 100 death mechanisms have been identified in bacteria and a few fungi in recent years. However, cell death is nearly unstudied in most human pathogenic microbes that cause major public health burdens. Here, we consider how the current understanding of programmed cell death arose through animal studies and how recently uncovered microbial cell death mechanisms in fungi and bacteria resemble and differ from mechanisms of mammalian cell death. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 57 is November 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…Although the evolutionary origin of the eukaryotic Bcl-2 protein family is elusive, it has been speculated that Bcl-2 proteins were acquired by gene transfer from the ancient bacterial or viral world ( 11 ). Theories related to their origin are inconclusive: some indicate that Bcl-2 homologues have evolved only about 600 to 700 million years ago and were not present in the mitochondrial ancestor ( 12 ), while other theories imply the existence of a Bcl-2-like protein in the primordial bacterium that later formed mitochondria and/or chloroplasts ( 13 ).…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Cell Death to Metabolism: Holin-Antiholin Homologues with New Functions

Esker

Kovács

Kuipers

2017

mBio

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Programmed cell death in bacteria is generally triggered by membrane proteins with functions analogous to those of bacteriophage holins: they disrupt the membrane potential, whereas antiholins antagonize this process. The holin-like class of proteins is present in all three domains of life, but their functions can be different, depending on the species. Using a series of biochemical and genetic approaches, in a recent article in mBio, Charbonnier et al. (mBio 8:e00976-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00976-17) demonstrate that the antiholin homologue in Bacillus subtilis transports pyruvate and is regulated in an unconventional way by its substrate molecule. Here, we discuss the connection between cell death and metabolism in various bacteria carrying genes encoding these holin-antiholin analogues and place the recent study by Charbonnier et al. in an evolutionary context.

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Evolution of the BCL-2-Regulated Apoptotic Pathway

Cited by 5 publications

References 116 publications

Metazoans and Intrinsic Apoptosis: An Evolutionary Analysis of the Bcl-2 Family

Metazoans and Intrinsic Apoptosis: An Evolutionary Analysis of the Bcl-2 Family

Programmed Cell Death in Unicellular Versus Multicellular Organisms

From Cell Death to Metabolism: Holin-Antiholin Homologues with New Functions

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