Evolution of supermassive black holes

Müller, Andreas; Hasinger, G.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511794254.011

Cited by 1 publication

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References 41 publications

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“…In this Letter, we use the bolometric LF given by Hopkins et al (2007). It is combined through bolometric luminosity correction from a large set of LFs in optical, soft and hard Xrays, and near-and middle-IR bands and also covers the fraction of obscured quasars (see also Maiolino et al 2007;Müller & Hasinger 2007 for the fraction of type II quasars). We use the LDDE LF given by eq.…”

Section: Duty Cycle Of Quasarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Growth of Massive Black Holes in Quasars

Wang,

Chen,

Yan

et al. 2007

Preprint

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Episodic activity of quasars is driving growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) via accretion of baryon gas. In this Letter, we develop a simple method to analyse the duty cycle of quasars up to redshift z ∼ 6 universe from luminosity functions (LFs). We find that the duty cycle below redshift z ∼ 2 follows the cosmic history of star formation rate (SFR) density. Beyond z ∼ 2, the evolutionary trends of the duty cycle are just opposite to that of the cosmic SFR density history, implying the role of feedback from black hole activity. With the duty cycle, we get the net lifetime of quasars (z ≤ 5) about ∼ 10 9 yrs. Based on the local SMBHs, the mean mass of SMBHs is obtained at any redshifts and their seeds are of 10 5 M ⊙ at the reionization epoch (z re ) of the universe through the conservation of the black hole number density in comoving frame. We find that primordial black holes (∼ 10 3 M ⊙ ) are able to grow up to the seeds via a moderate super-Eddington accretion of ∼ 30 times of the critical rate from z = 24 to z re . Highly super-Eddington accretion onto the primordials is not necessary.

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Section: Duty Cycle Of Quasarsmentioning

confidence: 99%