Evolution of structure and activity of char-supported iron catalysts prepared for steam reforming of bio-oil

Wang, Lele; Jiang, Long; Hu, Song; Zhou, Yongqiang; Zhang, Shu

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.01.002

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Char can support a variety of metals. The most popularly employed are Fe and Ni [54,106,130,144,145], and K, Ca and Co are also utilized to some extent [143,146]. Fe catalysts supported by char also exhibit potential for decomposition of NO x precursor species [23].…”

Section: Use Of Char/activated Char As a Catalyst Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalysts based on metal species can be reduced to their metallic state while undergoing tar reforming, giving place to the participation of the metal species in breaking the C-H and C-C bonds in the hydrocarbon [54]. Although char-supported metal catalysts normally perform better than pure char catalysts during reforming [46,106,147], they have shortcomings associated with their cost and possibly undesirable oxidation of the minerals in the catalyst, leading to changes in porosity and SSA [144].…”

Section: Use Of Char/activated Char As a Catalyst Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of gasification solid products as catalysts for tar reforming

Buentello-Montoya

Zhang

2019

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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The presence of tars in syngas is a major technological constraint for upscaling biomass gasification to produce heat, power, and other value-added chemicals such as biofuels. At the same time, the solid remains from biomass gasification i.e. char and ashes, have capabilities to catalyse the reforming of gasification tars. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the relevance of gasification chars and ashes as catalysts for tar reforming. A description of the solid products from biomass gasification, their formation, chemical characteristics and potential applications is given. Additionally, a review of the state of the art of the uses of regular char, activated carbon and ashes as a catalyst for tar reforming is presented. Further, kinetics reported in literature, and the homogeneous and heterogeneous mechanisms for tar reforming over char are discussed and explained. From reviewing literature it was found that activated chars exhibit the best reforming capabilities, followed by regular char and ashes. Knowing the role of the interactions between the char and the tars is a key factor for optimization of char catalysts. Ultimately, this work provides guidance for understanding the uses of biomass solids as catalysts for tar reforming, and aid in future research to increase the economic feasibility of biomass gasification.

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Section: Use Of Char/activated Char As a Catalyst Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Of Char/activated Char As a Catalyst Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of gasification solid products as catalysts for tar reforming

Buentello-Montoya

Zhang

2019

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…For example, the acceptance of carbon (char) production could not only ease the experimental condition and operation, but also have char as valuable products. Barrier 5 is probably the issue causing the most fouling which has been widely reported and addressed in the literature [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Downdraft Fixed-Bed Biomass Gasification System with Integrated Products of Electricity, Heat, and Biochar: The Key Features and Initial Commercial Performance

Huang

Wan

et al. 2019

Energies

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Biomass, as a renewable and clean energy resource, plays a vital role in energy security and greenhouse gas reduction across the world. This paper reports on our newly established technology: a downdraft fixed-bed biomass gasification system using nut shells (mainly apricot kernel shells) for electricity generation, heating and partially activated carbon production at the same time. Particularly, the key features of the gasification reactor will be presented in detail. In the commercial plant (3 MW scale) located in Hebei province, China, the typical energy conversion from apricot kernel shell gasification is as follows: 47% syngas, 44% char (partially activated carbon), 5% hot water, and 4% energy loss. The main gasification temperature is 600–800 °C, while the activation zone is 850–900 °C. The commercial system has currently been in operation for 4 years. Considering the partially activated carbon as a stable carbon carrier, the whole system features negative CO2 emissions.

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“…So far, metal-based catalysts (mainly Ni [9,10], and, to a lesser extent, some transition metals such as Fe [11] and Co [12]) have been investigated for this purpose. In the last years, a growing interest in using biochar as catalyst or catalyst support has arisen [10,[13][14][15]. The reason is that biochar is a versatile material that can further be upgraded by activation and/or functionalization processes [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physically activated wheat straw-derived biochar for biomass pyrolysis vapors upgrading with high resistance against coke deactivation

Alvira

Greco

González

et al. 2019

Fuel

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Wheat straw-derived biochars (produced through slow pyrolysis at 500 °C and 0.1 MPa) were physically (with CO2) and chemically (with K2CO3) activated to assess their performance as renewable and low-cost catalysts for biomass pyrolysis vapors upgrading. Preliminary cracking experiments, which were carried out at 700 °C using a mixture of four representative model compounds, revealed a clear correlation between the volume of micropores of the catalyst and the total gas production, suggesting that physical activation up to a degree of burn-off of 40% was the most interesting activation route. Next, steam reforming experiments were conducted using the most microporous material to analyze the effect of both the bed temperature and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on the total gas production. The results showed a strong dependence between the bed temperature and the total gas production, with the best result obtained at the highest temperature (750 °C). On the other hand, the change in GHSV led to minor changes in the total gas yield, with a maximum achieved at 14500 h-1. Under the best operating conditions deduced in the previous stages, the addition of CO2 into the feed gas stream (partial pressure of 20 kPa) resulted in a total gas production of 98% with a H2/CO molar ratio of 2.16. This good result, which was also observed during the upgrading of the aqueous phase of a real biomass pyrolysis oil, was ascribed to the relatively high coke gasification rate, which refresh the active surface area preventing deactivation by coke deposition.

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Evolution of structure and activity of char-supported iron catalysts prepared for steam reforming of bio-oil

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

The use of gasification solid products as catalysts for tar reforming

The use of gasification solid products as catalysts for tar reforming

A Downdraft Fixed-Bed Biomass Gasification System with Integrated Products of Electricity, Heat, and Biochar: The Key Features and Initial Commercial Performance

Physically activated wheat straw-derived biochar for biomass pyrolysis vapors upgrading with high resistance against coke deactivation

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