Evolution of Sirenian Pachyosteosclerosis, a Model-case for the Study of Bone Structure in Aquatic Tetrapods

Buffrénil, Vivian de; Canoville, Aurore; D’Anastasio, Ruggero; Domning, Daryl P.

doi:10.1007/s10914-010-9130-1

Cited by 86 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…B 281: 20140192 for which such complete bones are unavailable. Among the three other species, the ribs of T. littoralis and T. yaucensis have an index superior to the threshold defined by Buffrénil et al [11] and are hence regarded as pachyostotic. Those of T. natans and of the other sloths (electronic supplementary material, table S5), which have a DC below this threshold, are not.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Cortical development (DC) and compactness profile were calculated following published procedures [11] (see the electronic supplementary material, tables S5 and S6 for calculation of these indices). Trees with mapped compactness values were elaborated with MESQUITE [24] and its Stratigraphic Tools [25], using the observed compactness values (electronic supplementary material, table S4, data matrix given as a NEXUS file in the electronic supplementary material).…”

Section: (C) Treatment Of Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The broken branch marks a break of the stratigraphic scale. Mean value for terrestrial mammals is from Buffrénil et al [11]. Daggers denote extinct taxa.…”

Section: (C) Treatment Of Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gradual adaptation of bone structure to aquatic lifestyle in extinct sloths from Peru

et al. 2014

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Non-pathological densification (osteosclerosis) and swelling ( pachyostosis) of bones are the main modifications affecting the skeleton of land vertebrates (tetrapods) that returned to water. However, a precise temporal calibration of the acquisition of such adaptations is still wanting. Here, we assess the timing of such acquisition using the aquatic sloth Thalassocnus, from the Neogene of the Pisco Formation, Peru. This genus is represented by five species occurring in successive vertebrate-bearing horizons of distinct ages. It yields the most detailed data about the gradual acquisition of aquatic adaptations among tetrapods, in displaying increasing osteosclerosis and pachyostosis through time. Such modifications, reflecting a shift in the habitat from terrestrial to aquatic, occurred over a short geological time span (ca 4 Myr). Otherwise, the bones of terrestrial pilosans (sloths and anteaters) are much more compact than the mean mammalian condition, which suggests that the osteosclerosis of Thalassocnus may represent an exaptation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: (C) Treatment Of Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gradual adaptation of bone structure to aquatic lifestyle in extinct sloths from Peru

et al. 2014

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“…However, its microanatomical features contradict this interpretation. Sauropterygians generally show pachyostotic (outer bone hyperplasy), osteosclerotic (inner bone compaction) and/or pachyosteosclerotic (thickening of trabecular bone along with pachyostosis) limb bones, ribs and vertebrae as secondary aquatic adaptations (Buffrénil et al 2010;Houssaye 2013). None of these features can be observed in the fragmentary bone under discussion.…”

Section: Remarks On the Enigmatic Possibly Terrestrial Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Triassic vertebrate assemblages from the Villány Hills (Southern Hungary)

Ősi¹,

Botfalvai²,

Prondvai³

et al. 2013

Central European Geology

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Remains of Triassic vertebrates discovered in the Villány Hills (SW Hungary) are described here. After the well-documented Late Cretaceous Iharkút locality, this material represents the second systematically collected assemblage of Mesozoic vertebrates from Hungary. Fossils were collected from both the classical abandoned road-cut at Templom Hill (Templom-hegy) and a newly discovered site at a construction zone located 200 meters west of the road-cut. Macrofossils of the construction site are mainly isolated bones and teeth of nothosaurs from the Templomhegy Dolomite, including a fragmentary mandible referred to as Nothosaurus sp. and placodont teeth tentatively assigned here to cf. Cyamodus sp. Affinities of these fossils suggest a Middle Triassic (Ladinian) age of these shallow marine deposits.New palynological data prove for the first time a Late Triassic (Carnian) age of the lower part of the Mészhegy Sandstone Formation. Vertebrate remains discovered in this formation clearly represent a typical Late Triassic shallow-marine fauna including both chondrichthyan (Lissodus, Palaeobates, Hybodus) and osteichthyan (cf. Saurichthys, ?Sphaerodus sp.) fish fossils. The presence of reworked nothosaur and placodont tooth fragments as well as of possible archosauriform teeth, suggest an increase of terrestrial influence and the erosion of underlying Triassic deposits during the Late Triassic.A belemnite rostrum collected from the lowermost beds of the Somssichhegy Limestone Formation proves that this Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian) layer was deposited in a marine environment. Most of the vertebrate remains (nothosaurs, placodonts, hybodont shark teeth, perhaps Palaeobates, Lissodus) recovered from these beds are also reworked Triassic elements strongly supporting an erosive, nearshore depositional environment.

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“…Osteosclerosis first occurred in tetrapods secondarily adapted to life in water, seen in Sirenia and Cetacea in the Early to Middle Eocene period ~45-50 million years ago [12,13]. Subsequent to osteosclerosis (replacement of cancellous bone with compact bone) was pachyostosis (bone thickening), which appeared from the Middle Eocene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Report of Pachyosteosclerotic Bones in Seals

Rahmat¹

2017

OARA

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Evolution of Sirenian Pachyosteosclerosis, a Model-case for the Study of Bone Structure in Aquatic Tetrapods

Cited by 86 publications

References 34 publications

Gradual adaptation of bone structure to aquatic lifestyle in extinct sloths from Peru

Gradual adaptation of bone structure to aquatic lifestyle in extinct sloths from Peru

First report of Triassic vertebrate assemblages from the Villány Hills (Southern Hungary)

Preliminary Report of Pachyosteosclerotic Bones in Seals

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