Evolution of single-copy DNA and the ADH gene in seven drosophilids

Zwiebel, Laurence J.; Cohn, Vivian H.; Wright, Donna R.; Moore, George T.

doi:10.1007/bf02100224

Cited by 57 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…About 70% of single-copy DNA from D. melanogaster does not form stable hybrids with DNA from a distant species of Drosophila, Drosophila virilis, under conditions corresponding to approximately 60% homology (26). Only 5 groups (A20, A4.3, A3.13, A4.5, and A4.11) had specific restriction fragments (1.5-3.5 kilobases long) that cross-hybridized with both rat Na+-channel cDNAs and D. virilis genomic DNA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two sodium-channel genes in Drosophila: implications for channel diversity.

Ramaswami

Tanouye

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We describe two Drosophila melanogaster transcription units that are highly homologous to a rat Na'-channel cDNA. They appear to encode the major subunits of two distinct Na'-channel proteins. One of these maps to the second chromosome and is identical to a Na+-channel gene whose partial sequence has been previously reported [Salkoff, L., Butler, A., Wei, A., Scavarda, N., Giffen, K., Ifune, K., Goodman, R. & Mandel, G. (1987) ity (17). Conversely, mutations that affect Na+ currents (para"s, nap"5, and tip-E) cause an overall decrease in membrane excitability (16)(17)(18)(19). These mutations might identify structural genes for ion channels or genes for proteins involved in the synthesis, membrane distribution, or modulation of ion channels. We have searched Drosophila melanogaster genomic libraries for sequences similar to an mRNA for the large subunit of a voltage-gated Na+ channel from rat brain, with goals to (i) complement genetic approaches, (ii) analyze the diversity of Na+-channel genes, and (iii) further understand the structure and evolution of ion channels. In this paper, we report the partial characterization of two transcription units that appear to encode distinct Na+-channel proteins.* One of these genes probably corresponds to the para locus.Ion channels are a diverse group of integral membrane proteins regulating the passage of ions through cell membranes. Electrophysiological, pharmacological, and biochemical methods have distinguished several types of sodium and calcium channels generally involved in the depolarization of excitable membranes (1-3). An even larger number of distinct potassium channel types involved in membrane repolarization has also been detected (4). The differential distribution of these channel types underlies the range of electrical responses in neurons (5).The cloning of ion-channel genes allows the detailed biochemical and biophysical characterization of channel proteins. Recent results have shown that voltage-gated channels share several sequence motifs (2, 6-15). Na+ channels contain four internal repeats about 250 residues in size that are approximately 50% identical to one another. These repeats are also called homology domains. In each domain multiple hydrophobic segments called S1, S2, S3, S5, and S6 flank a positively charged segment called S4. S4 segments consist of four to eight iterations of a 3-residue sequence, Arg-Xaa-Xaa, where Xaa is a hydrophobic residue and lysine is sometimes substituted for arginine. A putative Ca2+ channel has an identical structural organization (15). All K+ channels cloned so far are similar in structure to a single homology domain of the Na+ channel. The data suggest that these different channel types may have evolved from a single ancestral voltage-gated channel that arose early in phylogeny.The isolation of ion-channel genes in an organism such as Drosophila, where genetic manipulations are feasible, facilitates the identification of other genes involved in ion-channel function. Several mutations affecting neural excitab...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two sodium-channel genes in Drosophila: implications for channel diversity.

Ramaswami

Tanouye

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The experiments of Zwiebel et al (22) reveal two classes of sequences in the Drosophila genome. The first consists of sequences that cross-hybridize under stringent solution hybridization conditions; this cross-hybridizing DNA remelts with an average melting temperature depression (Atm) characteristic of the species pair involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence for the interspersion of blocks of rapidly and slowly evolving sequence in the Drosophila genome has been obtained from experiments on the reassociation kinetics of interspecies hybrids of single-copy sequences (21)(22)(23). The experiments of Zwiebel et al (22) reveal two classes of sequences in the Drosophila genome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the boundaries between adjacent rapidly and slowly evolving genomic regions in Drosophila.

Martin¹,

Meyerowitz²

1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The site of a dramatic change in the rate of DNA sequence evolution exists near the 68C glue gene clusters of several Drosophila species. We have previously determined the approximate location of this transition site by comparison of restriction maps of the regions flanking the 68C-like glue gene cluster of five members of the melanogaster species subgroup. In the present work we report the sequence of the transition region in three of these Drosophila species: D. melanogaster, D. yakuba, and D. erecta. Using a best-fit alignment of these sequences, we rind that the site of transition from slowly to rapidly evolving sequences occurs abruptly within a region <50 nucleotides in length. Sequencing. DNA sequencing was performed by the dideoxy chain-termination method of Sanger et al. (12). Custom oligonucleotides, used to prime sequencing reactions from sites in the interior of a cloned insert, were provided by S. Horvath of the California Institute of Technology Microchemical Facility. These primers were purified and used as described in Strauss et al. (13). All sequences were determined on both strands.Computer Analysis. DNA sequences were analyzed using programs written by one of the authors (C.H.M.) for an IBM PC-XT computer. DNA sequences were aligned using the algorithm of Gotoh (14) as implemented by R. Pruitt on an Apple Macintosh computer. RESULTSThe border between regions of high and low conservation was located by inspection of the restriction maps of regions containing and adjacent to the cloned glue gene clusters. The broken vertical line in Fig. 1 The sequencing strategy is diagrammed in Fig. 2. All sequences start at the EcoRI site (R) that lies at least 1000 Abbreviation: kb, kilobase pair(s). 8654The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.

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“…melanogaster and D. simulans seem to have 65°70 homology in their single-copy nucleotide sequences (Zwiebel et aL, 1982). Both species have 1.672 g/cm 3 satellites and others with similar distribution, at least in the X and the Y chromosomes (Peacock et al, 1978).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific decondensation of heterochromatic regions of Drosophila chromosomes-intrachromosomal and genomic control

et al. 1986

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The genomic and intrachromosomal control of condensation inhibition of heterochromatic regions of mitotic Drosophila chromosomes was studied. It is shown that decondensation is not a local property of the chromosomal regions. In particular the frequency and sometimes the pattern of decondensation is changed with translocations, inversions or loss of chromosomes. In a variety of deletions and inversions of X-chromosomal heterochromatin, which is usually decondensed, the phenomenon is absent or its pattern changed. A material effect is observed in interspecies hybrids between D. melanogaster and D. simulans: paternal chromosomes are neither more condensed or more decondensed under the influence of a maternal genome.

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Evolution of single-copy DNA and the ADH gene in seven drosophilids

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

Two sodium-channel genes in Drosophila: implications for channel diversity.

Two sodium-channel genes in Drosophila: implications for channel diversity.

Characterization of the boundaries between adjacent rapidly and slowly evolving genomic regions in Drosophila.

Specific decondensation of heterochromatic regions of Drosophila chromosomes-intrachromosomal and genomic control

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