Evolution of self-limited cell division of symbionts

Uchiumi, Yu; Ohtsuki, Hisashi; Sasaki, Akira

doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2238

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…If the host is in control of partner uptake, it can simply cease capturing new individuals [48]. Synchronized cell division can be selected for and is evolutionarily stable if symbionts can limit their own cell division and if both parties' benefit is large, as some theoretical results show [158]. Alternatively, if the symbiont is constantly growing faster, which can be seen as parasitism, host might evolve to counter symbiont by faster digestion, leading to a coevolutionary arms race [158].…”

Section: Controlling the Symbiont Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synchronized cell division can be selected for and is evolutionarily stable if symbionts can limit their own cell division and if both parties' benefit is large, as some theoretical results show [158]. Alternatively, if the symbiont is constantly growing faster, which can be seen as parasitism, host might evolve to counter symbiont by faster digestion, leading to a coevolutionary arms race [158]. While both are costly processes, controlled lysis (digestion) may return some benefit by salvaging the eliminated partner.…”

Section: Controlling the Symbiont Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endosymbiosis before eukaryotes: mitochondrial establishment in protoeukaryotes

Zachar

Boza

2020

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Endosymbiosis and organellogenesis are virtually unknown among prokaryotes. The single presumed example is the endosymbiogenetic origin of mitochondria, which is hidden behind the event horizon of the last eukaryotic common ancestor. While eukaryotes are monophyletic, it is unlikely that during billions of years, there were no other prokaryote-prokaryote endosymbioses as symbiosis is extremely common among prokaryotes, e.g., in biofilms. Therefore, it is even more precarious to draw conclusions about potentially existing (or once existing) prokaryotic endosymbioses based on a single example.It is yet unknown if the bacterial endosymbiont was captured by a prokaryote or by a (proto-)eukaryote, and if the process of internalization was parasitic infection, slow engulfment, or phagocytosis. In this review, we accordingly explore multiple mechanisms and processes that could drive the evolution of unicellular microbial symbioses with a special attention to prokaryote-prokaryote interactions and to the mitochondrion, possibly the single prokaryotic endosymbiosis that turned out to be a major evolutionary transition. We investigate the ecology and evolutionary stability of inter-species microbial interactions based on dependence, physical proximity, cost-benefit budget, and the types of benefits, investments, and controls. We identify challenges that had to be conquered for the mitochondrial host to establish a stable eukaryotic lineage. Any assumption about the initial interaction of the mitochondrial ancestor and its contemporary host based solely on their modern relationship is rather perilous. As a result, we warn against assuming an initial mutually beneficial interaction based on modern mitochondria-host cooperation. This assumption is twice fallacious: (i) endosymbioses are known to evolve from exploitative interactions and (ii) cooperativity does not necessarily lead to stable mutualism. We point out that the lack of evidence so far on the evolution of endosymbiosis from mutual syntrophy supports the idea that mitochondria emerged from an exploitative (parasitic or phagotrophic) interaction rather than from syntrophy.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Section: Controlling the Symbiont Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controlling the Symbiont Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosymbiosis before eukaryotes: mitochondrial establishment in protoeukaryotes

Zachar

Boza

2020

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…A particularly pertinent question is how host–endosymbiont relationships can become more intertwined, leading to a greater reliance on vertical rather than horizontal transmission. One model tackling this issue revealed that self-regulation would only evolve if the benefits of the relationship are sufficiently high for both the host and endosymbiont [ 45 ]. Analysis of the model also provided an explanation as to why benefits to both were necessary: when the benefit to hosts is large, then those without endosymbionts are outcompeted and lost in the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling endosymbioses: Insights and hypotheses from theoretical approaches

Souza,

Solowiej-Wedderburn,

Bonforti

et al. 2024

PLoS Biol

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Endosymbiotic relationships are pervasive across diverse taxa of life, offering key avenues for eco-evolutionary dynamics. Although a variety of experimental and empirical frameworks have shed light on critical aspects of endosymbiosis, theoretical frameworks (mathematical models) are especially well-suited for certain tasks. Mathematical models can integrate multiple factors to determine the net outcome of endosymbiotic relationships, identify broad patterns that connect endosymbioses with other systems, simplify biological complexity, generate hypotheses for underlying mechanisms, evaluate different hypotheses, identify constraints that limit certain biological interactions, and open new lines of inquiry. This Essay highlights the utility of mathematical models in endosymbiosis research, particularly in generating relevant hypotheses. Despite their limitations, mathematical models can be used to address known unknowns and discover unknown unknowns.

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“…From the evolutionary perspective, it is likely that the early eukaryote contained a single mitochondrion that divided in synchrony with the cell as often observed for the bacterial endosymbionts of current eukaryotes [ 9 ]. Some eukaryotes have preserved this original blueprint of a single mitochondrion [ 10 – 13 ] which divides in synchrony with the entire cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of the reduced mitochondria of Giardia intestinalis is coupled to the flagellar maturation cycle

et al. 2021

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Background The presence of mitochondria is a distinguishing feature between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It is currently accepted that the evolutionary origin of mitochondria coincided with the formation of eukaryotes and from that point control of mitochondrial inheritance was required. Yet, the way the mitochondrial presence has been maintained throughout the eukaryotic cell cycle remains a matter of study. Eukaryotes control mitochondrial inheritance mainly due to the presence of the genetic component; still only little is known about the segregation of mitochondria to daughter cells during cell division. Additionally, anaerobic eukaryotic microbes evolved a variety of genomeless mitochondria-related organelles (MROs), which could be theoretically assembled de novo, providing a distinct mechanistic basis for maintenance of stable mitochondrial numbers. Here, we approach this problem by studying the structure and inheritance of the protist Giardia intestinalis MROs known as mitosomes. Results We combined 2D stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to show that mitosomes exhibit internal segmentation and conserved asymmetric structure. From a total of about forty mitosomes, a small, privileged population is harnessed to the flagellar apparatus, and their life cycle is coordinated with the maturation cycle of G. intestinalis flagella. The orchestration of mitosomal inheritance with the flagellar maturation cycle is mediated by a microtubular connecting fiber, which physically links the privileged mitosomes to both axonemes of the oldest flagella pair and guarantees faithful segregation of the mitosomes into the daughter cells. Conclusion Inheritance of privileged Giardia mitosomes is coupled to the flagellar maturation cycle. We propose that the flagellar system controls segregation of mitochondrial organelles also in other members of this supergroup (Metamonada) of eukaryotes and perhaps reflects the original strategy of early eukaryotic cells to maintain this key organelle before mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics cycle as observed in Metazoa was established.

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Evolution of self-limited cell division of symbionts

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Endosymbiosis before eukaryotes: mitochondrial establishment in protoeukaryotes

Endosymbiosis before eukaryotes: mitochondrial establishment in protoeukaryotes

Modeling endosymbioses: Insights and hypotheses from theoretical approaches

Inheritance of the reduced mitochondria of Giardia intestinalis is coupled to the flagellar maturation cycle

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