Evolution of Porous Structure and Fatigue Behavior of C/C Composites

Thermal design guidelines of solar power towers

“…,0 00 11 11 11 The variables to obtain from Equation ( 5) are the radiation flux losses ( 0 q ), the heat flux absorbed by the tubes without convection losses ( j q , 1,..., jn  ) and the refractory wall temperature ( 1 n T  ). Then, it is necessary to know the environmental temperature ( 0 T ), which is calculated according to Equation (6) [29], the heat flux that arrives to the receiver ( h q ), which is obtained from the radiation map, the conductive losses through the refractory wall ( 1 n q  ), that in this case are neglected, and the effective outer wall temperature of the tubes for radiation ( j T , 1,..., jn  ) which are estimated. In order to minimize the error in the discretization of the tubes, the relative importance of each tube section has been considered using the crossed-strings method to calculate the view factors ( F ) [26].This method discretizes the tubes in circumferential and axial directions.…”

“…Cui et al [5] even tested solid-liquid phase change materials with high melting point; they analysed numerically and experimentally the thermal performance of one isolated tube and developed a numerical model based on the enthalpy method. Liao et al [6] studied the maximum flux density allowable in solar receivers for different HTF and tube materials due to the thermal strains in the tubes; they assumed a non-uniform flux distribution on the outside tube surfaces, with cosine shape.…”