Evolution of porosity and geochemistry in Marcellus Formation black shale during weathering

Jin, Lixin; Mathur, Ryan; Rother, Gernot; Cole, David R.; Bazilevskaya, Ekaterina; Williams, Jessica A.; Carone, A.; Brantley, Susan L.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.07.012

Cited by 103 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Expected differences in mineral content, such as increased calcite in the limestone units, are preserved in the cuttings and suggest there was little to no downhole contamination during the dry drilling process. XRD analysis reveals major minerals of the Marcellus Shale include quartz, calcite, pyrite, chlorite and illite, similar to previous reports of Marcellus Shale mineralogy (e.g., Hosterman and Whitlow, 1983;Wang and Carr, 2012;Jin et al, 2013). A mineralogical transition from chlorite group clays in the upper Marcellus Shale, to presence of calcite and more abundant pyrite in the middle and lower Marcellus Shale was indicated by XRD results.…”

Section: Analytical Instrumentationsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…When fresh surface area is created by weathering, drilling, or hydraulic fracturing processes, water-rock interactions might release significant amounts of metals to solution depending on changes in redox and pH conditions as well as other factors (e.g., Tuttle et al, 2009;Jin et al, 2013). Weathering of Marcellus Shale bedrock oxidizes pyrite and organic matter, releasing metals into the environment (Jin et al, 2013), and these processes would be accelerated from disposal of fresh Marcellus Shale cuttings at Earth's surface.…”

Section: Fingerprinting Metal Release From Marcellus Shale Drill Cuttmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical Marcellus Shale production well accessed by lateral drilling generates as much as 220 m 3 of drill cuttings (NY Department of Environmental Conservation, 2011), which could range between 30% and 70% Marcellus Shale cuttings depending on depth to the Marcellus Shale and horizontal distance drilled. Soils developed on Marcellus Shale bedrock indicate that water added during weathering oxidizes pyrite and organic matter, which increases available surface area, promoting dissolution of plagioclase and clays (Jin et al, 2013). Similar weathering processes could release metals into the environment when Marcellus Shale waste material is disposed of at the Earth's surface (Jin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Soils developed on Marcellus Shale bedrock indicate that water added during weathering oxidizes pyrite and organic matter, which increases available surface area, promoting dissolution of plagioclase and clays (Jin et al, 2013). Similar weathering processes could release metals into the environment when Marcellus Shale waste material is disposed of at the Earth's surface (Jin et al, 2013). Sequential extraction techniques indicate the potential for mobilization of As, Ba, and U of Marcellus Shale cuttings in surface storage and landfill conditions, through carbonate dissolution and cation exchange (Phan et al, 2015); and Rn contamination is of concern for homeowners situated on Marcellus Shale bedrock, sourced from U decay within the Marcellus Shale (Hand and Banikowski, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fingerprinting Marcellus Shale waste products from Pb isotope and trace metal perspectives

Johnson

Graney

2015

Applied Geochemistry

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Section: Analytical Instrumentationsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Fingerprinting Metal Release From Marcellus Shale Drill Cuttmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fingerprinting Marcellus Shale waste products from Pb isotope and trace metal perspectives

Johnson

Graney

2015

Applied Geochemistry

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“…[45][46][47] This model provides a quantitative representation of nanoscale porosity, and was developed to describe pore systems in coal, weathered rocks, and soils. 46,47,49,50 It is based on fitting scattering data by a hard sphere model as a fractal assemblage of spheres to assess pore size distribution and surface roughness/surface area inside pores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Film Breakdown and Nano-Porous Mg(OH)₂Formation from Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys in Salt Solutions

Brady

Rother

Anovitz

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

136

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Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were used to study film formation by magnesium alloys AZ31B (Mg-3Al-1Zn base) and ZE10A (Elektron 717, E717: Mg-1Zn + Nd, Zr) in H 2 O and D 2 O with and without 1 or 5 wt% NaCl. No SANS scattering changes were observed after 24 h D 2 O or H 2 O exposures compared with as-received (unreacted) alloy, consistent with relatively dense MgO-base film formation. However, exposure to 5 wt% NaCl resulted in accelerated corrosion, with resultant SANS scattering changes detected. The SANS data indicated both particle and rough surface (internal and external) scattering, but with no preferential size features. The films formed in 5 wt% NaCl consisted of a thin, inner MgO-base layer, and a nano-porous and filamentous Mg(OH) 2 outer region tens of microns thick. Chlorine was detected extending to the inner MgO-base film region, with segregation of select alloying elements also observed in the inner MgO, but not the outer Mg(OH) 2 . Modeling of the SANS data suggested that the outer Mg(OH) 2 films had very high surface areas, consistent with loss of film protectiveness. Implications for the NaCl corrosion mechanism, and the potential utility of SANS for Mg corrosion, are discussed. Magnesium and its alloys are of great interest for a wide range of structural and functional applications, including lightweight automotive and aircraft structural materials, biomedical implants, fuel cells and hydrogen storage, batteries, etc.1-7 However, the high reactivity and rapid corrosion of Mg in many aqueous and humid environments is a key issue. [8][9][10][11] Of particular challenge and interest is the acceleration of Mg corrosion in the presence of salt species. Mechanisms of accelerated attack in salt solutions include enhanced local micro-galvanic coupling at alloy second phases and/or impurities (e.g. Fe, Ni, Cu etc.) and disruption of the MgO and/or Mg(OH) 2 base surface films by Cl-. 3,9,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Film formation by Mg alloys under aqueous conditions can be quite complex, involving MgO, Mg(OH) 2 , and MgCO 3 base phases, as well as complexes of those phases when alloy additions (e.g. Al) or environmental species (e.g. Cl-) become incorporated into parts or all of the film structure. [15][16][17]21,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] In some cases, porous and even filiform-like corrosion films have been reported on bare or surface-modified Mg alloys. 11,14,16,18,24,[35][36][37][38] Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has emerged as a powerful technique to assess structural and morphological features in the ∼1 to up to ∼200-300 nm feature size range (specific range accessed depends on the instrument capabilities and settings, as well as the nature of neutron scattering from the test samples). 39,40 Information can be obtained regarding size, morphology, and number density of scatterers (e.g. 2 nd phase precipitates, phase separation, grain structure, voids, pores, etc.), as well as surface area a...

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Solute transport in low‐heterogeneity sandboxes: The role of correlation length and permeability variance

Heidari

2014

Water Resources Research

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This work examines how heterogeneity structure, in particular correlation length, controls flow and solute transport. We used two-dimensional (2D) sandboxes (21.9 cm 3 20.6 cm) and four modeling approaches, including 2D Advection-Dispersion Equation (ADE) with explicit heterogeneity structure, 1D ADE with average properties, and nonlocal Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) and fractional ADE (fADE). The goal is to answer two questions: (1) how and to what extent does correlation length control effective permeability and breakthrough curves (BTC)? (2) Which model can best reproduce data under what conditions? Sandboxes were packed with the same 20% (v/v) fine and 80% (v/v) coarse sands in three patterns that differ in correlation length. The Mixed cases contain uniformly distributed fine and coarse grains. The Four-zone and One-zone cases have four and one square fine zones, respectively. A total of seven experiments were carried out with permeability variance of 0.10 (LC), 0.22 (MC), and 0.43 (HC). Experimental data show that the BTC curves depend strongly on correlation length, especially in the HC cases. The HC One-zone (HCO) case shows distinct breakthrough steps arising from fast advection in the coarse zone, slow advection in the fine zone, and slow diffusion, while the LCO and MCO BTCs do not exhibit such behavior. With explicit representation of heterogeneity structure, 2D ADE reproduces BTCs well in all cases. CTRW reproduces temporal moments with smaller deviation from data than fADE in all cases except HCO, where fADE has the lowest deviation.

show abstract

Evolution of porosity and geochemistry in Marcellus Formation black shale during weathering

Cited by 103 publications

References 62 publications

Fingerprinting Marcellus Shale waste products from Pb isotope and trace metal perspectives

Fingerprinting Marcellus Shale waste products from Pb isotope and trace metal perspectives

Film Breakdown and Nano-Porous Mg(OH)₂Formation from Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys in Salt Solutions

Solute transport in low‐heterogeneity sandboxes: The role of correlation length and permeability variance

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Evolution of porosity and geochemistry in Marcellus Formation black shale during weathering

Cited by 103 publications

References 62 publications

Fingerprinting Marcellus Shale waste products from Pb isotope and trace metal perspectives

Fingerprinting Marcellus Shale waste products from Pb isotope and trace metal perspectives

Film Breakdown and Nano-Porous Mg(OH)2Formation from Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys in Salt Solutions

Solute transport in low‐heterogeneity sandboxes: The role of correlation length and permeability variance

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Product

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Film Breakdown and Nano-Porous Mg(OH)₂Formation from Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys in Salt Solutions