Evolution of porencephalic cysts from intraparenchymal hemorrhage in neonates: sonographic evidence

Grant, Edward G.; Kerner, Michael; Schellinger, Dieter; Borts, Frederick T.; McCullough, David C.; Smith, Yolande F.; Sivasubramanian, K. N.; Davitt, Mary K.

doi:10.2214/ajr.138.3.467

Cited by 49 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As already described for pediatric [4][5][6][7] and intraoperative sonography [8], intracerebral hemorrhage leads to a strong homogeneous enhancement of echodensity in the affected brain area (see Fig 1). As a consequence of the high contrast between the hyperechodense hemorrhage and the adjacent parenchyma, the correct diagnosis could be obtained in all patients in whom TCCS was sufficiently applicable, except for 1 patient with a narrow acoustic bone window and frontopolar hemorrhage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Differentiation Between Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke by Transcranial Color‐coded Real‐time Sonography

Becker

Winkler

Hofmann³

et al. 1993

Journal of Neuroimaging

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Transcranial color-coded real-time sonography was applied to 20 patients with ischemic stroke and 28 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. In all patients the sonographic diagnosis corresponded closely to cranial computed tomography findings. Recent hemorrhages were visualized as a hyperechodense mass. The high contrast to minor echodense adjacent parenchyma led to a clear sonographic distinction. Older clots were characterized by a continuous decrease of echodensity and subsequently were interspersed by hypoechodense zones. In the acute stage of ischemic infarction, the vessel occlusion (17/20) and collateral vascular supply (10/20) could be depicted in the color-B-mode in two perpendicular planes and further verified by the Doppler mode. Brain edema was not visualized. Although in the acute stage no change of echo texture was observed within the infarction, hyperechodense regions (7/11) could be observed in some patients during the time course. Complications of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke, such as disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, midline shift, and compression of adjacent territories, were depicted by transcranial color-coded sonography. These preliminary results illustrate that transcranial color-coded real-time sonography may be helpful in the early noninvasive differential diagnosis as well as long-term follow-up in patients with cerebrovascular disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Differentiation Between Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke by Transcranial Color‐coded Real‐time Sonography

Becker

Winkler

Hofmann³

et al. 1993

Journal of Neuroimaging

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“…With the advent of high-resolution bedside cerebral ultrasonography (Fawer et al, 1987), these lesions are now detectable in vivo in the neonatal intensive care unit. Children were assigned to the PVH category if there was a cavitary lesion adjacent to or communicating with the ventricular system (Grant, Kernerm, & Schellinger, 1982).…”

Section: Scansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Measures of Basic Language Skills in Children with Early Focal Brain Lesions

et al. 2000

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“…An early intraparenchymal hematoma, which occurs frequently in the frontal or occipital lobes, will appear as a highly echogenic mass. 1,3 The study of the follow-up examination in group 1 revealed an increase in the echogenicity of the caudate nucleus bilaterally with maturity of the infant. In group 2, a slight decrease in echogenicity occurred bilaterally as the infants matured (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussion and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Normal Sonographic Variants of the Neonatal Head

Hicks

1985

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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Normal sonograms on 50 infants admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were reviewed as to the echogenicity of the caudate nucleus relative to the thalamus. The infants were divided into two populations according to gestational age and birth weight. A review of sequential follow-up examinations showed that the caudate nucleus of those infants whose gestational ages were less than 32 weeks or who weighed less than 1,500 g increased in echogenicity as the infants matured. The caudate nucleus of those infants whose gestational ages were greater than 32 weeks or who weighed more than 1,500 g decreased in echogenicity as the infants matured. The author observed that the variation in caudate nucleus echogenicity was a normal finding, not pathologic, and was dependent on maturation and gestational age. Also noted was the incidence of a band of occipital echogenicity posterior to the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. Its presentation in a large percentage of infants in both populations demonstrated it to be a normal variant. Key words: neonatal, echoencephalography, neurosonography, cerebral echogenicity, caudate nucleus, intracranial hemorrhage, high-risk pregnancy.In recent years, sonography has proved to be a valuable diagnostic study.' The most common diagnostic methods used in recognizing neonatal intracranial pathology before sonography were cranial computed tomography and clinical evaluation.2 Previous research has proven the usefulness of sonography in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus and cystic malformations.3More recent studies have demonstrated its value in detecting various forms of cerebroventricular hemorrages Ultrasound examination of the neonatal brain demonstrates that the caudate nucleus is usually slightly more echogenic than the thalamus, being nearly equivalent in echogenicity to that of surrounding brain parenchyma.3 Occasionally, the caudate nucleus has been observed to be considerably more echogenic than the thalamus; this finding may be misinterpreted as hemorrhage. Similarly, a band of increased echogenicity has been observed posterior to the lateral ventricles; this may be erroneously identified as hemorrhage. This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the degree of echogenicity of the caudate nucleus relative to the thalamus in normal cases and to determine the incidence of the occipital echogenicity posterior to the lateral ventricles. Recognition of the normal patterns of echogenicity is important to distinguish them from hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODSSonograms on 50 infants admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were reviewed. Sonograms were selected as normal on the basis of 1) normal ventricular size; 2) no evidence of intraventricular echogenic material; and 3) no evidence of subependymal or intraparenchymal echogenic focus.Each study was reviewed as to the echogenicity of the caudate nucleus relative to the thalamus to the right and left of the midsagittal plane. If the caudate nucleus was equal in echogenicity ...

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Evolution of porencephalic cysts from intraparenchymal hemorrhage in neonates: sonographic evidence

Cited by 49 publications

References 11 publications

Differentiation Between Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke by Transcranial Color‐coded Real‐time Sonography

Differentiation Between Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke by Transcranial Color‐coded Real‐time Sonography

Online Measures of Basic Language Skills in Children with Early Focal Brain Lesions

Normal Sonographic Variants of the Neonatal Head

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