Evolution of Polycarbonate Process Technologies

Brunelle, Daniel J.; Smigelski, Paul M.; Boden, Eugene P.

doi:10.1021/bk-2005-0898.ch002

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…29 In the meantime, PU and PC have been commercially manufactured by Bayer using phosgene chemistry around the mid-1950s. 30,31 On the other hand, halogen-mediated functionalization of hydrocarbons to chemical and fuels has a long history. The first gas-phase halogenation, more precisely chlorination, of an alkane dates back more than 150 years.…”

Section: Chronology Of Halogen-mediated Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The desire of capitalizing on even low-cost natural gas resource stimulated great interest in the one-step VCM synthesis via ethane oxychlorination after the late 1960’s, , which ultimately culminated with a pilot project in Germany by EVC (now INEOS) in 1999 . In the meantime, PU and PC have been commercially manufactured by Bayer using phosgene chemistry around the mid-1950’s. , On the other hand, halogen-mediated functionalization of hydrocarbons to chemicals and fuels has a long history. The first gas-phase halogenation, more precisely chlorination, of an alkane dates back more than 150 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Halogen-Mediated Conversion of Hydrocarbons to Commodities

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Halogen chemistry plays a central role in the industrial manufacture of various important chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. It involves the reaction of halogens or halides with hydrocarbons, leading to intermediate compounds which are readily converted to valuable commodities. These transformations, predominantly mediated by heterogeneous catalysts, have long been successfully applied in the production of polymers. Recent discoveries of abundant conventional and unconventional natural gas reserves have revitalized strong interest in these processes as the most cost-effective gas-to-liquid technologies. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the fundamental understanding and applied relevance of halogen chemistry in polymer industries (polyvinyl chloride, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates) and in the activation of light hydrocarbons. The reactions of particular interest include halogenation and oxyhalogenation of alkanes and alkenes, dehydrogenation of alkanes, conversion of alkyl halides, and oxidation of hydrogen halides, with emphasis on the catalyst, reactor, and process design. Perspectives on the challenges and directions for future development in this exciting field are provided.

show abstract

Section: Chronology Of Halogen-mediated Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen-Mediated Conversion of Hydrocarbons to Commodities

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the SSPM‐420 (49% insoluble gel), a slight increase of shear viscosity is observed in comparison with the SSPM‐180. It is reported that the relaxation time of the crosslinked polymers near gel point becomes large and therefore, steady shear flow is not reached …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of ultra‐high molecular weight bisphenol a polycarbonate synthesized by solid‐state polymerization in amorphous microlayers

Baick

Yang

Ahn

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The structure and properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polycarbonate synthesized by solid-state polymerization in micro-layers (SSP m ) are reported. A low molecular weight prepolymer derived from the melt transesterification of bisphenol A and diphenyl carbonate as a starting material was polymerized to highly amorphous and transparent polycarbonate of molecular weight larger than 300,000 g mol 21 in the micro-layers of thickness from 50 nm to 20 mm. It was observed that when the polymerization time in micro-layers was extended beyond conventional reaction time, insoluble polymer fraction increased up to 95%. Through the analysis of both soluble and insoluble polymer fractions of the high molecular weight polycarbonate by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), branches and partially crosslinked structures have been identified. The thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of the ultra-high molecular weight nonlinear polycarbonates synthesized in this study have been measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and rheometry. The nonlinear chain structures of the polymer have been found to affect the polymer's thermal stability, mechanical strength, shear thinning effect, and elastic properties.

show abstract

“…Scheme S1 shows a sketch of the polymeric chain and highlights the nature of the additive, 4-cumylphenol (4-CP), used as a chain terminator. 23 The spectroscopic characterization [NMR and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR)] of this polymeric material has been reported elsewhere. 6 The molar ratio of 4-CP/BPA in the used polymer was equal to 0.035, as determined by NMR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Recycling of Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) by Glycolysis under 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene Catalysis

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The glycolysis reaction of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC) has been explored under 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) catalysis as a potential route to valorize PC wastes by chemical recycling. The amidine base is an active catalyst of PC glycolysis and, under suitable conditions, promotes effectively and selectively the depolymerization of the polymeric material with 1,2-propanediol or glycerol to give the monomer bisphenol A (BPA) and the relevant cyclic carbonate. The depolymerization process has been investigated under solventless conditions, using diol/triol as the reagent and reaction medium, and also in an auxiliary solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) that is able to dissolve the polymer. The influence of a few experimental parameters (temperature, catalyst load, and reaction time) on the selectivity to cyclic carbonate has been studied. High selectivity to cyclic carbonate has been attained by carrying out the depolymerization reaction in THF and using mild temperature conditions and a stoichiometric amount of polyol. The catalyst can be recovered from the reaction mixture as a BPA/DBU adduct and effectively recycled in a successive run.

show abstract

Evolution of Polycarbonate Process Technologies

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Halogen-Mediated Conversion of Hydrocarbons to Commodities

Halogen-Mediated Conversion of Hydrocarbons to Commodities

Structure and properties of ultra‐high molecular weight bisphenol a polycarbonate synthesized by solid‐state polymerization in amorphous microlayers

Chemical Recycling of Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) by Glycolysis under 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene Catalysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About