Evolution of Plasticity: Mechanistic Link between Development and Reversible Acclimation

Beaman, Julian; White, Craig R.; Seebacher, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2016.01.004

Cited by 224 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The asymmetric response could indicate that several independent or independently controlled mechanisms contribute to heat tolerance across life stages and that some mechanisms activated during development are truly irreversible as often suggested (e.g. Angilletta, 2009), while other mechanisms seem readily reversible (Allen et al, 2012;Beaman et al, 2016;Fischer et al, 2010;Zeilstra and Fischer, 2005). The major changes in heat tolerance in response to adult acclimation occurred within the first 24 h as also observed in other species (Allen et al, 2012;Geister and Fischer, 2007;Zeilstra and Fischer, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Across life stages, developmental plasticity and adult acclimation might interact in two different ways. First, the environment experienced during development might affect adult acclimation responses, including the capacity and rate of acclimation (Beaman et al, 2016), and second, some developmentally induced phenotypic adjustments might be partly or fully reversible during adult thermal acclimation, as is the case for egg size in butterflies (Fischer et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reversibility of developmental heat and cold plasticity is asymmetric and has long lasting consequences for adult thermal tolerance

Slotsbo

Schou

Kristensen

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The ability of insects to cope with stressful temperatures through adaptive plasticity has allowed them to thrive under a wide range of thermal conditions. Developmental plasticity is generally considered to be a non-reversible phenotypic change, e.g. in morphological traits, while adult acclimation responses are often considered to be reversible physiological responses. However, physiologically mediated thermal acclimation might not follow this general prediction. We investigated the magnitude and rate of reversibility of developmental thermal plasticity responses in heat and cold tolerance of adult flies, using a full factorial design with two developmental and two adult temperatures (15 and 25°C). We show that cold tolerance attained during development is readily adjusted to the prevailing conditions during adult acclimation, with a symmetric rate of decrease or increase. In contrast, heat tolerance is only partly reversible during acclimation and is thus constrained by the temperature during development. The effect of adult acclimation on heat tolerance was asymmetrical, with a general loss of heat tolerance with age. Surprisingly, the decline in adult heat tolerance at 25°C was decelerated in flies developed at low temperatures. This result was supported by correlated responses in two senescenceassociated traits and in accordance with a lower rate of ageing after low temperature development, suggesting that physiological age is not reset at eclosion. The results have profound ecological consequences for populations, as optimal developmental temperatures will be dependent on the thermal conditions faced in the adult stage and the age at which they occur.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversibility of developmental heat and cold plasticity is asymmetric and has long lasting consequences for adult thermal tolerance

Slotsbo

Schou

Kristensen

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…This is critical to determine the most appropriate control and future ocean acidification scenarios, instead of exposing the organisms to a range of conditions that they may already be familiar with in nature 35 . Phenotypic responses are important for population persistence in changing environments 36 and our understanding of the limits of plasticity must therefore be an important research goal when assessing the environmental challenges that the Anthropocene poses on marine organisms. The synthesis of published experimental information for the coastal sector of the HCS showed that populations of marine organisms from this highly heterogeneous environment harbour significant resilience, suggesting they have the potential to adapt to new niches and cope with the unprecedented selective processes posed by ocean acidification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-specific responses to ocean acidification should account for local adaptation and adaptive plasticity

et al. 2017

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Global stressors, such as ocean acidification, constitute a rapidly emerging and significant problem for marine organisms, ecosystem functioning and services. The coastal ecosystems of the Humboldt Current System (HCS) off Chile harbour a broad physical-chemical latitudinal and temporal gradient with considerable patchiness in local oceanographic conditions. This heterogeneity may, in turn, modulate the specific tolerances of organisms to climate stress in species with populations distributed along this environmental gradient. Negative response ratios are observed in species models (mussels, gastropods and planktonic copepods) exposed to changes in the partial pressure of CO 2 (p CO2 ) far from the average and extreme p CO2 levels experienced in their native habitats. This variability in response between populations reveals the potential role of local adaptation and/or adaptive phenotypic plasticity in increasing resilience of species to environmental change. The growing use of standard ocean acidification scenarios and treatment levels in experimental protocols brings with it a danger that inter-population differences are confounded by the varying environmental conditions naturally experienced by different populations. Here, we propose the use of a simple index taking into account the natural p CO2 variability, for a better interpretation of the potential consequences of ocean acidification on species inhabiting variable coastal ecosystems. Using scenarios that take into account the natural variability will allow understanding of the limits to plasticity across organismal traits, populations and species.

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“…irreversible changes in host phenotype that result from responses to early life environment) and flexibility (i.e. reversible changes to the phenotype throughout life; Piersma & Drent, 2003;Beaman, White, & Seebacher, 2016). Hosts capable of adjusting their physiology and behaviour in response to infection have higher fitness than those that do not.…”

Section: Lessons For Behavioural Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Better with your parasites? Lessons for behavioural ecology from evolved dependence and conditionally helpful parasites

Weinersmith

Earley

2016

Animal Behaviour

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Interest in how parasites shape host behaviour has increased dramatically in recent years. The main focus of behavioural ecologists has been on the negative effects of parasites on host behaviour. However, there are instances in which infected hosts express more adaptive behavioural phenotypes and have higher fitness relative to uninfected hosts, suggesting that it is sometimes beneficial to be parasitized. For example, hosts can exhibit evolved dependence, wherein the host coevolves with and comes to depend on parasites for the expression of adaptive host behaviours. Additionally, 'conditionally helpful parasites' modify the host phenotype in ways that benefit the host under particular conditions. These scenarios have been explored in the context of bacterial or fungal symbionts, but have been relatively unstudied with regard to metazoan parasites (e.g. trematodes, acanthocephalans, nematodes and cestodes). We explore how these scenarios apply to hosts infected by metazoan parasites, and consider implications for research in behavioural ecology. We examine conditions under which infection should result in more adaptive host behavioural phenotypes, and the implications for host fitness and evolution. We then discuss the implications of conditionally helpful parasites and parasites for which hosts have evolved dependence for laboratory studies of host behaviour and for conservation and reintroduction programmes.

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Evolution of Plasticity: Mechanistic Link between Development and Reversible Acclimation

Cited by 224 publications

References 96 publications

Reversibility of developmental heat and cold plasticity is asymmetric and has long lasting consequences for adult thermal tolerance

Reversibility of developmental heat and cold plasticity is asymmetric and has long lasting consequences for adult thermal tolerance

Species-specific responses to ocean acidification should account for local adaptation and adaptive plasticity

Better with your parasites? Lessons for behavioural ecology from evolved dependence and conditionally helpful parasites

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