Evolution of plant senescence

Thomas, Howard; Huang, Lin; Young, Malcolm P.; Ougham, Helen J.

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-163

Cited by 67 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…The structures revealed of the isophyllobilanones 1 and 2 reflect the presumed operation of the early steps of the PaO/phyllobilin pathway of Chl breakdown in the fern, supported by bioinformatics data,9 but imply a distinctly different subsequent path, involving an unprecedented extra oxidation process. For this step molecular oxygen is presumably required as a co‐substrate that is generated in the thylakoids by photosynthesis 26.…”

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confidence: 53%

“…Our work has allowed first structure‐based insights into the fate of Chl in senescent leaves of a fern, helping to close an intriguing knowledge gap concerning Chl breakdown,5b a basic metabolic process in vascular plants that appears to have played a role in Chl photobiology in geologically old phases of the evolution of plants 9. Strikingly, for the so far elusive Chl catabolites in senescent tissues of the unique maiden hair tree, Ginkgo biloba , and of some conifers, such as European larch ( Larix decidua ), spectroanalytical evidence supports a rearranged iso ‐phyllobilin carbon skeleton, related to the one described herein.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The unprecedented colorless i PB structures in the fern show the ring‐opened feature of the NCC analogues, the hallmark of the early steps of the PaO/phyllobilin pathway of Chl breakdown, but imply a distinctly different “later” path in this representative of the seedless higher plants,7 not revealed on the basis of the available bioinformatics tools 9…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, whereas many basic aspects of the path(s) of their formation remain obscure, key structural elements present in 1 and 2 are compatible with a role of an RCC8b, 15 and of FCCs16 as their precursors. Genomic analysis of ferns has, indeed, provided evidence for proteins related to the enzymes PaO17 and RCCR18 in these seedless higher plants,9 crucial for formation of hypothetical PBs, such as RCC and “primary” FCC. Hence, the biochemical pathway to FCC‐type intermediates may be available in the chloroplasts of ferns.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chlorophyll Breakdown in a Fern—Discovery of Phyllobilin Isomers with a Rearranged Carbon Skeleton

et al. 2018

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All structure‐based information on chlorophyll (Chl) breakdown in the higher plants relies on studies with angiosperms. Herein, the first investigation of a fern is reported, revealing a novel type of Chl catabolites (phyllobilins) in leaves of this large division of the vascular plants, and providing structural insights into an astounding metabolic process of the higher plants that appears to have played a role even in early phases of plant evolution. The tetrapyrrolic Chl catabolites in the cosmopolitan bracken fern were discovered to be phyllobilin isomers with an unprecedented skeleton, proposed to be the striking result of a rearrangement of a hypothetical phyllobilin precursor.

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confidence: 53%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Chlorophyll Breakdown in a Fern—Discovery of Phyllobilin Isomers with a Rearranged Carbon Skeleton

et al. 2018

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“…Genes for SGR and CCEs are commonly present in land plants, indicating that the PAO pathway is highly conserved from higher plants down to moss. Comparison of CCEs to available genomic sequences of lower plants indicate that RCCR-, PPH-and/or PAO-like proteins might also be present in algae and cyanobacteria (Schelbert et al 2009;Gray et al 2004;Pružinská et al 2007;Thomas et al 2009), however it remains to be demonstrated whether any of these homologs indeed endoces a catalytically active CCE.…”

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confidence: 99%

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

2012

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In land plants, chlorophyll is broken down to colorless linear tetrapyrroles in a highly conserved multi-step pathway. The pathway is termed the 'PAO pathway', because the opening of the chlorine macrocycle present in chlorophyll catalyzed by pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), the key enzyme of the pathway, provides the characteristic structural basis found in all further downstream chlorophyll breakdown products. To date, most of the biochemical steps of the PAO pathway have been elucidated and genes encoding many of the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biochemistry of the PAO pathway and provides insight into recent progress made in the field that indicates that the pathway is more complex than thought in the past. Abstract In land plants, chlorophyll is broken down to colorless linear tetrapyrroles in a highly conserved multistep pathway. The pathway is termed the 'PAO pathway', because the opening of the chlorine macrocycle present in chlorophyll catalyzed by pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), the key enzyme of the pathway, provides the characteristic structural basis found in all further downstream chlorophyll breakdown products. To date, most of the biochemical steps of the PAO pathway have been elucidated and genes encoding many of the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biochemistry of the PAO pathway and provides insight into recent progress made in the field that indicates that the pathway is more complex than thought in the past.

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Chlorophyllabbau im Farn – Entdeckung von Phyllobilin‐Isomeren mit umgelagertem Kohlenstoffgerüst

et al. 2018

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Alle strukturchemischen Erkenntnisse über den Abbau von Chlorophyll (Chl) in höheren Pflanzen stützen sich auf Untersuchungen von Angiospermen. Hier wird ein neuer Typ von Chl‐Kataboliten (Phyllobilinen) aus den Blättern eines Farns, einem Vertreter aus einer anderen großen Subgruppe der Gefäßpflanzen, vorgestellt. Dadurch eröffnen sich Einblicke in einen erstaunlichen metabolischen Prozess in höheren Pflanzen, die bereits in frühen Phasen der Pflanzenevolution eine Rolle gespielt haben. Es stellte sich heraus, dass diese tetrapyrrolischen Chl‐Kataboliten des weltweit verbreiteten Adlerfarns Phyllobilin‐Isomere mit einem neuartigen Grundgerüst sind und Produkte einer Umlagerung ihrer hypothetischen Phyllobilin‐Vorläufer darstellen.

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Evolution of plant senescence

Cited by 67 publications

References 189 publications

Chlorophyll Breakdown in a Fern—Discovery of Phyllobilin Isomers with a Rearranged Carbon Skeleton

Chlorophyll Breakdown in a Fern—Discovery of Phyllobilin Isomers with a Rearranged Carbon Skeleton

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

Chlorophyllabbau im Farn – Entdeckung von Phyllobilin‐Isomeren mit umgelagertem Kohlenstoffgerüst

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