Evolution of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Family and Their Ligands in Vertebrate

On, Jason S. W.; Chow, Billy K. C.; Lee, Leo T. O.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2015.00028

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Functional studies of ancestral bilaterian neuropeptides have been successful by starting from the sequence similarities, e.g., vasopressin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone [1][2][3][4] Vertebrate parathyroid hormone (PTH), the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis, and its receptors have been extensively studied in bone remodeling and calcium metabolism [5,6]. Multiple PTH receptors in different phyla of vertebrates are known to be the consequence of multiple gene duplications and losses [7,8]. Likewise, the ligand PTH also has undergone gene duplication and losses in vertebrates [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new neuropeptide insect parathyroid hormone iPTH in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

et al. 2020

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In the postgenomics era, comparative genomics have advanced the understanding of evolutionary processes of neuropeptidergic signaling systems. The evolutionary origin of many neuropeptidergic signaling systems can be traced date back to early metazoan evolution based on the conserved sequences. Insect parathyroid hormone receptor (iPTHR) was previously described as an ortholog of vertebrate PTHR that has a well-known function in controlling bone remodeling. However, there was no sequence homologous to PTH sequence in insect genomes, leaving the iPTHR as an orphan receptor. Here, we identified the authentic ligand insect PTH (iPTH) for the iPTHR. The taxonomic distribution of iPTHR, which is lacking in Diptera and Lepidoptera, provided a lead for identifying the authentic ligand. We found that a previously described orphan ligand known as PXXXamide (where X is any amino acid) described in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis has a similar taxonomic distribution pattern as iPTHR. Tests of this peptide, iPTH, in functional reporter assays confirmed the interaction of the ligand-receptor pair. Study of a model beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was used to investigate the function of the iPTH signaling system by RNA interference followed by RNA sequencing and phenotyping. The results suggested that the iPTH system is likely involved in the regulation of cuticle formation that culminates with a phenotype of defects in wing exoskeleton maturation at the time of adult eclosion. Moreover, RNAi of iPTHRs also led to significant reductions in egg numbers and hatching rates after parental RNAi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new neuropeptide insect parathyroid hormone iPTH in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

et al. 2020

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“…is activated by PTHrP 19) . However, PTH3R is only found in nonmammalian vertebrates such as zebrafish, sea bream, and chicken 19) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of the Parathyroid Hormone Receptor in Japanese Quail

Kawai

Suzuki

Sekiguchi

et al. 2018

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor (PTH/PTHrP type 1 receptor; commonly known as PTH1R) is a family BG protein-coupled receptor that is mainly expressed in the bone and kidney of humans where it regulates skeletal development, bone turnover, and mineral ion homeostasis. The medullary bone of female birds is formed and resorbed in the presence of estrogen and androgen, while the administration of human estrogen to male Japanese quail results in artifi cial formation of the medullary bone in the bone marrow cavity. Therefore, male Japanese quail medullary bone is a good model for the study of bone homeostasis, and Japanese quail PTHR may play an important role in bone metabolism. However, the expression and function of PTHR in Japanese quail are unknown, and PTHR cloning is incomplete. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to clone the PTHR cDNA of Japanese quail.

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“…PTHrP expression is critically important for the structure and function of many land vertebrate physiologic traits—lung, kidney, bone, and skin. It is expressed in all epithelial cells, and its receptor resides on the surface of adepithelial mesodermal fibroblasts [ 45 ]. The PTHrP Receptor duplicated during the water–land transition [ 46 ], mediating terrestrial traits by effectively amplifying the PTHrP signal in a tissue- and organ-specific manner.…”

Section: What the Unicellular Level Of Selection Offers That Is Unmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Is Simple—Biologic Complexity Is an Epiphenomenon

Torday

2016

Biology

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Life originated from unicellular organisms by circumventing the Second Law of Thermodynamics using the First Principles of Physiology, namely negentropy, chemiosmosis and homeostatic regulation of calcium and lipids. It is hypothesized that multicellular organisms are merely contrivances or tools, used by unicellular organisms as agents for the acquisition of epigenetic inheritance. The First Principles of Physiology, which initially evolved in unicellular organisms are the exapted constraints that maintain, sustain and perpetuate that process. To ensure fidelity to this mechanism, we must return to the first principles of the unicellular state as the determinants of the primary level of selection pressure during the life cycle. The power of this approach is reflected by examples of its predictive value. This perspective on life is a “game changer”, mechanistically rendering transparent many dogmas, teleologies and tautologies that constrain the current descriptive view of Biology.

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Evolution of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Family and Their Ligands in Vertebrate

Cited by 17 publications

References 82 publications

A new neuropeptide insect parathyroid hormone iPTH in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

A new neuropeptide insect parathyroid hormone iPTH in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

Cloning of the Parathyroid Hormone Receptor in Japanese Quail

Life Is Simple—Biologic Complexity Is an Epiphenomenon

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