Evolution of Nano-Biofertilizer as a Green Technology for Agriculture

Abstract

Agriculture has long been the cornerstone of human civilization, providing sustenance and livelihoods for millennia. However, as the global population continues to burgeon, agriculture faces mounting challenges. Soil degradation, nutrient depletion, environmental pollution, and the need for sustainable farming practices are among the pressing issues that require innovative solutions. In this context, nano-biofertilizers have emerged as a groundbreaking technological advancement with the potential to reshape modern agriculture. nano-biofertilizers are innovative agricultural products that leverage the combined principles of nanotechnology and biotechnology to enhance nutrient uptake by plants, improve soil health, and promote sustainable farming practices. These specialized fertilizers consist of nanoscale materials and beneficial microorganisms. These fertilizers are eco-friendly and cost-effective and have shown promising results in various crop plants. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the development of eco-friendly nano-biofertilizers along with an overview of the various types of nano-biofertilizers, their formulation, synthesis, and mode of application for next-generation agriculture. The importance of the interaction between nanoparticles and bacterial species and its impact on the effectiveness of nano-biofertilizers has also been discussed along with the potential benefits, challenges, and future perspectives of using eco-friendly nano-biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture, ensuring a greener and healthier future for generations to come.

Microbiological Biostimulants in the Improvement of Extended Storage Quality of In Vitro-Derived Plants of Popular Ornamental Perennials

“…phosphates, and suppress plant pathogens, contributing to improved nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and overall plant vigor [21]. Additionally, microbiological preparations play a significant role in soil remediation and bioremediation by breaking down pollutants and toxins, thus aiding in environmental sustainability [22].…”

“…Microbiological preparations encompass a diverse array of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and mycorrhizal fungi, which form mutualistic associations with plants [20]. These microorganisms can fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphates, and suppress plant pathogens, contributing to improved nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and overall plant vigor [21].…”

From Lab to Field: Biofertilizers in the 21st Century

“…or Bacillus sp. are the most typical free-living diazotrophic microorganisms (e.g., nitrogenase carriers) [2,[22][23][24].…”

“…This group of microorganisms enhances crop yields through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct mechanisms encompass nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and phytohormone production, whereas indirect methods include the production of several compounds such as siderophores, antibiotics, hydrogen cyanide, lytic enzymes, and similar bioactive substances that provide resistance to plant pathogens [24]. Within this group, in addition to the previously mentioned genera, other like Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Burkholderia spp., Streptomyces spp., Pantoea spp., or Trichoderma, are also observed (Table 1) [2,25].…”

“…Liquid formulations consist of microbial suspensions, preferably in their dormant state, in water, oils, or emulsions, supplemented with additives (e.g., starch, humic acid) to enhance their physical (e.g., viscosity and dispersion), chemical (e.g., stability), and nutritional properties. This advancement extends shelf life, improves suitability for farmers, allows microorganisms to quickly come into contact with plants and enhances their tolerance to adverse soil conditions [22][23][24]132,135]. [136], as well as the development of (i) Nitragin [21], (ii) solid carrier-based bioformulations [137], (iii) liquid bioformulations [138], (iv) polymer-based inoculants [139], (v) identification of PGPRs [140], (vi) use of additives in liquid bioformulations [141], and (vi) nanobiofertilizers [142].…”