Evolution of mobile networks and seamless transition to 5G

Ivanova, Elena P.; Iliev, Teodor; Stoyanov, Ivaylo; Mihaylov, Grigor

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1032/1/012008

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…RAN manages the network (distributed base stations) and radio spectrum by ensuring that the expected Quality-of-Service (QoS) for end-users is met at all times. These distributed base stations in 4G are called eNodeB (eNB) [5], [6], which stands for evolved node B, while in 5G they are referred to as gNodeB [16], where g stands for generation. On the other hand, the Mobile Core, which is called Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G is saddled with the responsibilities of providing IP-based internet connectivity for both data and voice services, ensures that mobile devices are connected with the expected QoS and that users are continuously connected to the network by tracking the UE's, and monitoring service usage by the subscriber to enable easy billing and services.…”

Section: G Network Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

5G: Next Generation Mobile Wireless Technology for A Fast Pacing World

Onwuegbuzie

2022

JPAS

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The quest for faster and seamless mobile communication services has given rise to the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile communication technology. 5G presents enormous opportunities for end-users, businesses, and the global economy at large. The major edge 5G has over its predecessor technologies; the 3rd and 4th Generation (3G and 4G), is ultra-low latency, which translates to ultra-fast data speed, which has the potential to peak to about 1Gbps at the frequency range of 6GHz to 100GHz. Its application of Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology enables it to beam dedicated radio signals to 5G enabled User Equipment (UEs) using the advanced beam steering algorithm. This results in maximum data throughput with ultra-high bandwidth transmission to end-user applications resulting in new and never-seen-before business opportunities across different industries, investments, and business services. By expanding the scope of wireless technologies and making devices more autonomous, 5G has the potential to reduce carbon emission footprint and encourage greener communities. The application of 5G cuts across all spheres of our lives; industry, transportation, education, communications, health, and businesses. 5G is more inclusive, progressive, proven, and powerful than any of its predecessor generations of communications technology. With more power and improved efficiency, 5G is on its way to creating a truly connected world.

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Section: G Network Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

5G: Next Generation Mobile Wireless Technology for A Fast Pacing World

Onwuegbuzie

2022

JPAS

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“…There is no established wireless technology for monitoring human body activity in order to target WBAN. Wi‐Fi, WLAN, 3G, GSM, 4G, WPAN (ZigBee, Bluetooth), 185 and other wireless technologies are commonly utilized for medical monitoring systems. All of such technologies, with the exception of the cellular network standard, are widely available for short‐distance communication.…”

Section: Wireless Body Area Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on state of the inter body radio communication channel: Performance and solutions

Mezher¹,

Alabbas

Ilyas

2022

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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The development of in-vivo communications and networking systems has the potential for improving the healthcare delivery while also enabling the creation of new services and applications. In-vivo communications provide wireless networked cyber-physical systems of the embedded devices that enable accurate, quick, and cost-effective responses under a variety of circumstances. Also, it is focused upon modeling and characterizing in-vivo wireless channel, as well as contrasting it to other well-known channels. In this paper, channel coding is also mentioned because it improves data rates and performance gain. This work also discusses present problems and potential research topics for in-vivo communications. This article aims to show the researchers how the orthogonal frequency multiple access (OFDMA) technique improved the performance of in-vivo channel and how it is outperformed compared to the other techniques (TDM, TDMA, CDMA and OFDM) also how the OFDMA outperformed equalizers and channel coding in terms of bit error rate with giving a significant improvement of data transmitting and avoiding inter symbol interference. However, when it comes to the in-vivo communications, the modeling of in-vivo wireless channel is vital.Understanding the features of the in-vivo channel is critical for achieving optimal processing and designing successful procedures that allow WBANs to be arranged inside the human body.

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“…Connecting hundreds and possibly thousands of devices, RPL enabled WSN nodes are expected to last unattended for several months or even years. With the emergence of 5G, which features very low latency, as low as 1milisecond, and very high bandwidth and throughput [ 14 , 15 ], it becomes imperative to carefully and consciously develop a routing system that is capable of handling data of varying priorities, without compromising the integrity of the network. Fig 1 shows the RPL routing architecture and applications of WSN with 5G [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritized Shortest Path Computation Mechanism (PSPCM) for wireless sensor networks

et al. 2022

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Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL), the de facto standard routing protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT) administers the smooth transportation of data packets across the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). However, the mechanism fails to address the heterogeneous nature of data packets traversing the network, as these packets may carry different classes of data with different priority statuses, some real-time (time-sensitive) while others non-real-time (delay-tolerant). The standard Objective Functions (OFs), used by RPL to create routing paths, treat all classes of data as the same, this practice is not only inefficient but results in poor network performance. In this article, the Prioritized Shortest Path Computation Mechanism (PSPCM) is proposed to resolve the data prioritization of heterogeneous data and inefficient power management issues. The mechanism prioritizes heterogeneous data streaming through the network into various priority classes, based on the priority conveyed by the data. The PSPCM mechanism routes the data through the shortest and power-efficient path from the source to the destination node. PSPCM generates routing paths that exactly meet the need of the prioritized data. It outperformed related mechanisms with an average of 91.49% PDR, and average power consumption of 1.37mW which translates to better battery saving and prolonged operational lifetime while accommodating data with varying priorities.

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Evolution of mobile networks and seamless transition to 5G

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

5G: Next Generation Mobile Wireless Technology for A Fast Pacing World

5G: Next Generation Mobile Wireless Technology for A Fast Pacing World

A survey on state of the inter body radio communication channel: Performance and solutions

Prioritized Shortest Path Computation Mechanism (PSPCM) for wireless sensor networks

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