“…[24][25][26] Synchrotron radiation light sources provide the advantages of a wide spectrum, high brightness, high collimation, and high coherence. [27][28][29][30] Accordingly, they have overwhelmed the traditional methods in terms of crystal structure/phase (synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SRXRD)), [31,32] local geometry structure (X-ray absorption fine structure, XAFS), [33][34][35] electronic structure (soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy; X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES); resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS)), [36][37][38][39] surface composition (synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES); ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS)), [40,41] chemisorbed species, active free radicals and reactive intermediates (synchrotron radiation infrared spectroscopy (SR-IR); synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry), [42][43][44][45] spin and orbital magnetic moment (X-ray magnetic circular dichroism), [46,47] imaging involving elements, chemistry, and strain distribution (the Bragg coherent diffractive imaging (BCDI); scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM)), and so on. [48][49][50] In addition, such relevant characterization techniques based on the advanced light sources readily deliver opportunities to carry out some measurements under extreme conditions (high pressure, high temperature, low temperature and radiation, etc.)…”