Evolution of Malaysia’s technology transfer model facilitated by national policies

Abstract

The government of Malaysia has introduced several national policies to facilitate industrialisation and technology development in the country throughout the years. However, the effectiveness of this policy in facilitating technology transfer has never be measured quantitatively. The objective of this paper is to review the evolution of Malaysia's technology transfer model and process since Malaysia gained its independence. This paper will look into the past and current national policies that have facilitated the technology transfer process in the country. A literature review was conducted on various frequently used technology transfer model since 1940s and compare it to the technology transfer process evolution in the country. From the analysis, the national policies introduced over the years have a direct and indirect effect on the technology transfer process in the country. However, the effectiveness of technology transfer model that was facilitated by the policy was never measured quantitatively. Further study needs to be conducted in measuring the efficiency of the technology transfer process that facilitated by a specific policy introduced by the government. The factors and sub-factors affecting the technology transfer process facilitated by this specific policy also need to be identified so that further improvement can be proposed.

Public procurement in Malaysia: objectives and procurement principles

“…The public procurement objective, “to expand the local industrial sector by means of the transfer of technology and expertise to suit the nation's needs” scored a mean score of 2.41, which indicates that the government suppliers do not perceive it as being an important public procurement objective. The result is unexpected because the Government of Malaysia has been emphasizing on technology transfer since the 1960s through its export-oriented industrialization policy and through the Look East policy in the early 1980s and the current focus on the national policy on Industry 4.0 (Hamdan et al , 2018; Daud and Besar, 2016; Ministry of International Trade and Industry, 2018). It may be because of the barriers in incorporating the real transfer of technology, such as monitoring and evaluating challenges, risk aversion of public managers and legal constraints (Noori et al , 2017).…”

Effect of Serene Business Environment on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia

“…Therefore, the Malaysian government is committed to providing an enabling environment that supports enterprises through pro-business national policies. Hamdan et al (2018) highlighted that many businesses in Malaysia had achieved diversification and growth both at the local and international market scenes, as the government had introduced many farsighted policies to support SMEs, in terms of technology transfer, industrial linkages, and access to finance to improve firms' competitiveness in the market. Among the policies are import substituting industrialization (ISI) and export-oriented industrialization (EOI), introduced between 1960 and 2000.…”

“…Despite the disruption of business activities, the country is able to preserve the financial market and general economic and political environment (Nadyan et al, 2021). Likewise, the government assists businesses in terms of fund, technology upgrade, adoption of latest technology, and efficient regulatory framework to improve productivity and firms' competitiveness (Lee et al, 2020;Hamdan et al, 2018). Therefore, the building blocks of Malaysia's serene business environment are:…”

“…It is suggested that a robust innovation system should be established to network various industry players, improve utilization of codified knowledge, and stimulate creativity and diffusion of processes. SMEs should display high readiness to accept the Science and Technology Policy as contained in the Industrial Master Plan by incorporating highlevel technology through automation upgrades to further strengthen the business performance and competitiveness of firms (Hamdan et al, 2018). For instance, Penang Skill Development Center (PSDC) and Penang R&D Consortium (CREST) support SMEs in the areas of training, research and development, and industrial cooperation with universities and multinational corporations.…”

“…The government must reshape the business environment through the adoption of various legislations and laws (Marinova et al, 2012). Subsequently, the Malaysian government provides a sound regulatory environment through a framework that governs technology transfer, industrial linkages, and establishment and operations of businesses -micro, small, medium, large, and multinational enterprises (Hamdan et al, 2018). Accordingly, Chadee and Roxas (2013) emphasized that a sound regulatory environment is free of crime and corruption and, at the same time, upholds the rule of law principles.…”