Evolution of line charge density of steadily‐developing upward positive leaders in triggered lightning

Chen, Mingli; Zheng, Dong; Du, Y.; Zhang, Yijun

doi:10.1002/jgrd.50446

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The transferred line charge density of DPL1 ranges in 0.4 to 8.6 mC/m with the peak appearing at 1,750 m high, and that of DPL2 ranges in 0.4 to 15.2 mC/m with the peak appearing at 2,635 m high. While the transferred line charge density for the upper part of the leader channel is higher, that for the lower part of the leader channel is comparable to most of previous results (e.g., Chen, Zheng, et al, 2013 ; Proctor, 1997 ; Shen et al, 2018). The leader current of DPL1 ranges in 0.7 to 5.4 kA with a mean of 3.7 kA and that of DPL2 ranges in 0.7 to 4.6 kA with a mean of 2.3 kA. The ambient electric field for both leaders has an alternating polarity along the leader path.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…For a lightning leader, the transferred line charge density along the leader channel is defined as λ = dQ/dl , where dQ is the charge transferred from the cloud into a channel segment of length dl . In previous studies (Chen, Zheng, et al, 2013; Shen et al, 2018), a basic assumption was that charges being added to the leader tip were transferred directly from the electric source in cloud/ground and charges along the established channel behind the leader tip kept unchanged as the leader developed, which is adopted in this study too. For the electric field measurement at TOLOG, because the observation site is several kilometers away from the cloud and the lightning channel, the electric charge source in cloud can be simplified as a point charge.…”

Section: Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leader Charges, Currents, Ambient Electric Fields, and Space Charges Along Downward Positive Leader Paths Retrieved From Ground Measurements in Metropolis

et al. 2020

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An approach for retrieving the leader channel charge density, leader current, ambient electric field, and space charge along a leader channel path from ground observations with a complicated ground condition was presented. With this approach, properties of two downward positive leaders (DPL1 and DPL2) struck at high-rise buildings were studied based on electric and optical measurements made on the roof of a 100 m high building in Guangzhou, China. It shows that the leader-produced electric field on the roof of the 100 m high building was about 4 times of that on flat ground. The 2-D speed for both leaders showed a general increasing trend as the leader going down, in the range of 1.8 to 32.3 × 10 5 and 1.7 to 46.9 × 10 5 m/s, respectively. The channel line charge density for both leaders showed firstly a sharp increasing trend and then a decreasing trend as the leader going down, in the range of 0.4 to 8.6 and 0.4 to 15.2 mC/m, respectively. The current of the two leaders varied in the range of 0.7 to 5.4 and 0.7 to 4.6 kA, respectively. The ambient electric field (downward is positive) for both leaders showed an alternating polarity along the leader path, in the range of −120 to +176 and −250 to +180 kV/m, respectively. The space charge for both leaders showed also an alternating polarity along the leader path, in the range of −12.3 to +4.2 and −13.9 to +7.8 nC/m 3 , respectively, which may reflect the in-cloud electric structure and the corona charge distribution between the cloud and ground.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leader Charges, Currents, Ambient Electric Fields, and Space Charges Along Downward Positive Leader Paths Retrieved From Ground Measurements in Metropolis

et al. 2020

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“…Both experimental and physical modeling have proven that the charge density along the leader channel shows an increasing trend as the leader propagates [22][23] . The stepped downward leader is assumed to develop towards the direction with maximal electric field intensity.…”

Section: B Charge Distribution Along the Stepped Downward Leadermentioning

confidence: 99%

The lightning striking probability for offshore wind turbine blade with salt fog contamination

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/61860/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. The blades of offshore wind turbine are prone to be adhered with salt fog after long-time exposure in the marine-atmosphere environment, and salt fog reduces the efficiency of lightning protection system. In order to study the influence of salt fog on lightning striking probability (LSP), the lightning discharge process model for wind turbine blade is adopted in this paper considering the accumulation mechanism of surface charges around salt fog area. The distribution of potential and electric field with the development of downward leader is

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“…Upward positive leader (UPL) is the primary developing manner during the initial stage of the negative triggered lightning (e.g., Chen et al, ; Hill et al, ; Hubert et al, ; Rakov & Uman, ; Yoshida et al, ), but the associated channel‐base current exhibits different characteristics at various phases of initial stage, according to the measurement. Specifically, some transient current pulses with amplitudes from 1 to more than 100 A can be measured shortly after the launching of the rocket (Biagi et al, ; Lalande et al, ; Willett et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Magnetic Pulse Bursts During Initial Continuous Current of Negative Rocket‐Triggered Lightning

Fan

Xiao

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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During the SHandong Triggering Lightning Experiment (SHATLE) in summer of 2014 and 2015 and the Guangdong Comprehensive Observation Experiment on Lightning Discharge (GCOELD) campaign in 2018, we have conducted the observations of the magnetic pulse bursts (MPBs) during the initial continuous current in negative rocket-triggered lightning. The MPBs are commonly recorded at the main site of SHATLE (970 m from the rocket launch site), but the synchronous magnetic field (B-field) measurements at the close site of SHATLE (78 m from the rocket launch site) show the slow variations with small MPBs superposing on them. Note that both the charge transfer and the relative brightness increase notably during the appearance of the MPBs. After shifting up the operation frequency of the magnetic sensor, the MPBs can be observed at close distance (80 m from the rocket launch site) obviously in GCOELD. Observations show that the radiation sources of MPBs originate from the breakdown in the vicinity of the leader tip, but the sources of the initial magnetic pulses (IMPs) measured at the very initial stage of triggered lightning are from the radiation of the whole steel wire. The continuous current measured at the channel base during the MPBs cannot reflect the characteristics of breakdown current, because the current is attenuated and dispersed when propagating along the high-impedance leader channel. The average peak current associated with the MPBs is estimated to be on the order of kiloamperes.

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Evolution of line charge density of steadily‐developing upward positive leaders in triggered lightning

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Leader Charges, Currents, Ambient Electric Fields, and Space Charges Along Downward Positive Leader Paths Retrieved From Ground Measurements in Metropolis

Leader Charges, Currents, Ambient Electric Fields, and Space Charges Along Downward Positive Leader Paths Retrieved From Ground Measurements in Metropolis

The lightning striking probability for offshore wind turbine blade with salt fog contamination

Measurements of Magnetic Pulse Bursts During Initial Continuous Current of Negative Rocket‐Triggered Lightning

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