Evolution of Island Mammals

Geer, Alexandra van der; Lyras, George; Vos, John de; Dermitzakis, Michael

doi:10.1002/9781444323986

Cited by 148 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…Since the 1970s, typical n-type metal oxide semiconductors have been used extensively as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, which regarded as a promising solar to chemical energy conversion reaction [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, although ZnO has outstanding carrier diffusion length, photoelectric conversion and higher photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency than TiO 2 , it has been difficult for ZnO to outshine TiO 2 because of its poor stability in liquid electrolytes [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an n-type semiconductor, zinc oxide (ZnO) has attracted broad interest in the fields of optoelectrochemical and energy conversion devices because it has wide-band-gap with the unique physical properties of large exciton binding (60 meV) energy, good electric properties, effective photocatalytic response, and innocuous to humans [1]. Since the 1970s, typical n-type metal oxide semiconductors have been used extensively as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, which regarded as a promising solar to chemical energy conversion reaction [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano carbon conformal coating strategy for enhanced photoelectrochemical responses and long-term stability of ZnO quantum dots

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano carbon conformal coating strategy for enhanced photoelectrochemical responses and long-term stability of ZnO quantum dots

et al. 2015

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“…Rutin is a kind of flavonoid glycoside, called as vitamin P, which can dilute the blood, reduce capillary permeability, and lower blood pressure [26]. Many analytical methods, including capillary electrophoresis [27], adsorptive stripping voltammetry [28], chemiluminescence [29], HPLC [30], spectrophotometry [31], and electrochemistry [14,15,[32][33][34] have been developed to determine rutin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive voltammetric determination of rutin at a carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid composite electrode

Wang

Cheng

Dong

et al. 2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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A new composite electrode of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (DDMIMPF 6 ) was fabricated to determine rutin. This electrode showed very attractive electrochemical performances compared to other kinds of ionic liquid modified electrodes and notably improved sensitivity and stability. Electrochemical behavior of rutin at the composite electrode had been investigated in pH 2.09 Britton-Robinson buffer solution by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The experimental results suggested that the composite electrode exhibited an electrocatalytic activity toward the redox of rutin. The electrochemical parameters of rutin were calculated with the results of the charge transfer coefficient (α) and the standard rate constant (k s ) as 0.48 and 2.09 s −1 . Under the selected conditions, the reduction peak current was linearly dependent on the concentration of rutin in the range of 0.03-1.5 μM, with a detection limit of 0.01 μM (S/N03). The relative standard deviation for six times successive determination of 1 μM rutin was 1.6 %. The method was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in tablets and urine samples without the influence of the coexisting substances. In addition, the MWNTs/DDMIMPF 6 composite electrode exhibits a distinct advantage of simple preparation, surface renewal, good reproducibility, and stability.

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“…Some patterns have been claimed to be shared across space and time by a number of insular, not phylogenetically closely related mammals (e.g. Lomolino, 2005;Lomolino, Sax, Palombo, & Van der Geer, 2012;Lomolino et al, 2013; K€ ohler, Moy a-Sol a, & Giovinazzo, 2008; Rozzi & Palombo, 2014; DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13197 Sondaar, 1977;Van der Geer, 2014;Van der Geer, Lyras, De Vos, & Dermitzakis, 2010;Van der Geer, Van den Bergh, et al, 2016), but a number of exceptions can be found when comparing different mammals on different islands (see Van der Geer, 2014 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space–time patterns of body size variation in island bovids: The key role of predatory release

Rozzi

2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim I provide the first comprehensive study on body size evolution of extinct and living insular bovids, exploring the causal biotic and abiotic selective factors for observed patterns. Location Islands worldwide. Methods I assembled data on the geographic characteristics of 13 focal islands (area, isolation, latitude, net primary productivity) and on the ecological and morphological characteristics of 32 insular bovid taxa (number of predators and competitors, richness of large mammals, body mass of mainland relatives). I used linear regressions and machine learning methods (regression trees and random forest analyses) to examine the hypothesized contextual importance of these factors in explaining variation in the body size of island bovids. I also calculated evolutionary rates of body size divergence of focal taxa in order to assess whether this phenomenon is influenced by time in isolation. Results The results of regression, regression tree and random forest analyses were in agreement with predictions based on a hypothesis of ecological release (more pronounced body size divergence on islands with the fewest competitors and predators). Only limited support for a resource limitation hypothesis (more pronounced body size divergence for the larger taxa on smaller islands) was found. Main conclusions The majority of insular bovids, as large mammals, do follow the main prediction of the island rule, exhibiting body size reduction, and predator diversity is the main factor influencing body size evolution of these taxa. Results obtained highlighted the crucial role of time in isolation, with body size reduction becoming more pronounced for bovids with longer residence times on the islands.

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Evolution of Island Mammals

Cited by 148 publications

References 0 publications

Nano carbon conformal coating strategy for enhanced photoelectrochemical responses and long-term stability of ZnO quantum dots

Nano carbon conformal coating strategy for enhanced photoelectrochemical responses and long-term stability of ZnO quantum dots

Sensitive voltammetric determination of rutin at a carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid composite electrode

Space–time patterns of body size variation in island bovids: The key role of predatory release

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