Evolution of Intrinsic Growth and Energy Acquisition Rates. I. Trade-Offs With Swimming Performance in Menidia Menidia

Billerbeck, Jean M.; Lankford, Thomas E.; Conover, David O.

doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00835.x

Cited by 229 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…These types of internal trade-offs have been hypothesized previously to affect evolutionary divergence patterns based on macroevolutionary patterns and cellular level mechanisms [22,35-37]. Since muscle and skeletal system development is linked to swimming performance in fishes, our data also suggest a connection to the emerging theory regarding performance trade-offs with fast intrinsic growth rates [22,23]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Contemporary temperature-driven divergence in a Nordic freshwater fish under conditions commonly thought to hinder adaptation

et al. 2010

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BackgroundEvaluating the limits of adaptation to temperature is important given the IPCC-predicted rise in global temperatures. The rate and scope of evolutionary adaptation can be limited by low genetic diversity, gene flow, and costs associated with adaptive change. Freshwater organisms are physically confined to lakes and rivers, and must therefore deal directly with climate variation and change. In this study, we take advantage of a system characterised by low genetic variation, small population size, gene flow and between-trait trade-offs to study how such conditions affect the ability of a freshwater fish to adapt to climate change. We test for genetically-based differences in developmental traits indicating local adaptation, by conducting a common-garden experiment using embryos and larvae from replicate pairs of sympatric grayling demes that spawn and develop in natural cold and warm water, respectively. These demes have common ancestors from a colonization event 22 generations ago. Consequently, we explore if diversification may occur under severely constraining conditions.ResultsWe found evidence for divergence in ontogenetic rates. The divergence pattern followed adaptation predictions as cold-deme individuals displayed higher growth rates and yolk conversion efficiency than warm-deme individuals at the same temperature. The cold-deme embryos had a higher rate of muscle mass development. Most of the growth- and development differences occurred prior to hatch. The divergence was probably not caused by genetic drift as there was a strong degree of parallelism in the divergence pattern and because phenotypic differentiation (QST) was larger than estimated genetic drift levels (microsatellite FST) between demes from different temperature groups. We also document that these particular grayling populations cannot develop successfully at temperatures above 12°C, whereas other European populations can, and that increasing the muscle mass development rate comes at the cost of some skeletal trait development rates.ConclusionsThis study shows that genetically based phenotypic divergence can prevail even under conditions of low genetic variation and ongoing gene flow. Furthermore, population-specific maximum development temperatures along with musculoskeletal developmental trade-offs may constrain adaptation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Contemporary temperature-driven divergence in a Nordic freshwater fish under conditions commonly thought to hinder adaptation

et al. 2010

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“…For fish larvae in general, size appears to be positively correlated with early-life survival [18-20]. This rule has been termed the "bigger-is-better"-hypothesis; for fish larvae, performance is size-dependent to a stronger degree than it is age-dependent, or dependent on any other measure of biological time [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary divergence in early life history in grayling (Thymallus thymallus)

et al. 2011

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BackgroundFollowing colonization of new habitats and subsequent selection, adaptation to environmental conditions might be expected to be rapid. In a mountain lake in Norway, Lesjaskogsvatnet, more than 20 distinct spawning demes of grayling have been established since the lake was colonized, some 20-25 generations ago. The demes spawn in tributaries consistently exhibiting either colder or warmer temperature conditions during spawning in spring and subsequent early development during early summer. In order to explore the degree of temperature-related divergence in early development, a multi-temperature common-garden experiment was performed on embryos from four different demes experiencing different spring temperatures.ResultsEarly developmental characters were measured to test if individuals from the four demes respond differently to the treatment temperatures. There was clear evidence of among-deme differences (genotype - environment interactions) in larval growth and yolk-to-body-size conversion efficiency. Under the cold treatment regime, larval growth rates were highest for individuals belonging to cold streams. Individuals from warm streams had the highest yolk-consumption rate under cold conditions. As a consequence, yolk-to-body-mass conversion efficiency was highest for cold-deme individuals under cold conditions. As we observed response parallelism between individuals from demes belonging to similar thermal groups for these traits, some of the differentiation seems likely to result from local adaptationConclusionThe observed differences in length at age during early larval development most likely have a genetic component, even though both directional and random processes are likely to have influenced evolutionary change in the demes under study.

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“…1997; Schultz and Conover 1997, 1999; Billerbeck et al. 2001; Lankford et al. 2001; Yamahira and Conover 2002; Laugen et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainbow trout in seasonal environments: phenotypic trade‐offs across a gradient in winter duration

Lea

Mee

Rogers

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Survival through periods of resource scarcity depends on the balance between metabolic demands and energy storage. The opposing effects of predation and starvation mortality are predicted to result in trade‐offs between traits that optimize fitness during periods of resource plenty (e.g., during the growing season) and those that optimize fitness during periods of resource scarcity (e.g., during the winter). We conducted a common environment experiment with two genetically distinct strains of rainbow trout to investigate trade‐offs due to (1) the balance of growth and predation risk related to foraging rate during the growing season and (2) the allocation of energy to body size prior to the winter. Fry (age 0) from both strains were stocked into replicate natural lakes at low and high elevation that differed in winter duration (i.e., ice cover) by 59 days. Overwinter survival was lowest in the high‐elevation lakes for both strains. Activity rate and growth rate were highest at high elevation, but growing season survival did not differ between strains or between environments. Hence, we did not observe a trade‐off between growth and predation risk related to foraging rate. Growth rate also differed significantly between the strains across both environments, which suggests that growth rate is involved in local adaptation. There was not, however, a difference between strains or between environments in energy storage. Hence, we did not observe a trade‐off between growth and storage. Our findings suggest that intrinsic metabolic rate, which affects a trade‐off between growth rate and overwinter survival, may influence local adaptation in organisms that experience particularly harsh winter conditions (e.g., extended periods trapped beneath the ice in high‐elevation lakes) in some parts of their range.

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Evolution of Intrinsic Growth and Energy Acquisition Rates. I. Trade-Offs With Swimming Performance in Menidia Menidia

Cited by 229 publications

References 84 publications

Contemporary temperature-driven divergence in a Nordic freshwater fish under conditions commonly thought to hinder adaptation

Contemporary temperature-driven divergence in a Nordic freshwater fish under conditions commonly thought to hinder adaptation

Contemporary divergence in early life history in grayling (Thymallus thymallus)

Rainbow trout in seasonal environments: phenotypic trade‐offs across a gradient in winter duration

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