Evolution of internal resistance during formation of flooded lead-acid batteries

White, Chris; Deveau, Justin; Swan, Lukas G.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.020

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Rather than charging and discharging with a big depth of discharge to aging the battery, these standards designed for micro hybrid vehicle batteries can imitate the real-life working conditions. An equivalent circuit with only simple electrical elements [22,23], a typical Randles circuit with an addition of inductance [24], a model with two constant phase elements (CPE) in parallel with resistances [19,25], and finally a circuit with addition of two transmission line elements representing for both anode and cathode porous electrode surfaces are considered to investigate their consistency with experimental data.…”

Section: Experimental Setup Procedures and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Compatibility of Electric Equivalent Circuit Models for Enhanced Flooded Lead Acid Batteries Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Aksakal

Şişman

2018

Energies

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Electric equivalent circuit (EEC) models have been widely used to interpret the inner dynamics of all type of batteries. Added to this, they also have been used to estimate state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) values in combination with different methods. Four EEC models are considered for enhanced flooded lead acid batteries (EFB) which are widely used in micro hybrid vehicles. In this study, impedance and phase prediction capabilities of models throughout a frequency spectrum from 1 mHz to 10 kHz are compared with those of experimental results to investigate their consistency with the data. The battery is charged, discharged, and aged according to appropriate standards which imitates a lifetime of a micro hybrid vehicle battery under high current partial cycling. Impedance tests are repeated between different charge and health states until the end of the battery's lifetime. It is seen that adding transmission line elements to mimic the high porous electrode electrolyte interface to a double parallel constant phase element resistance model (ZARC) can increase the model data representing capability by 100%. The mean average percentage error (MAPE) of the conventional model with respect to data is 3.2% while the same value of the transmission line added model found as 1.6%. The results can be helpful to represent an EFB in complex simulation environments, which are used in automobile industry.

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Section: Experimental Setup Procedures and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Randles cell, shown in Figure 7B, also finds approval to interpret lead acid batteries [24]. Elements of the circuit cover the essential dynamics of a lead acid battery.…”

Section: Model Accordance Comparisons Of Eec Models With Data For Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Compatibility of Electric Equivalent Circuit Models for Enhanced Flooded Lead Acid Batteries Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Aksakal

Şişman

2018

Energies

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“…Parameter R 0 is estimated as follows [8,[25][26][27]33,34]: firstly, a discharge pulse of constant current amplitude (I d ) is applied from t 0 to t 1 during 10 s (τ Pulse = 10 s), as shown in Figure 4. Battery voltages, and string current measurements from t 0 to t 1 are recorded and, R 0 of each battery is estimated by Equation (1).…”

Section: Methods To Estimate Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Low Electrolyte Level for Vented Lead–Acid Batteries Based on Electrical Measurements

et al. 2019

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It is well known that a low level of electrolytes in batteries produces a malfunction or even failure and irreversible damage. There are several kinds of sensors to detect the electrolyte level. Some of them are non-invasive, such as optical sensors of level, while some others are invasive; but both require one sensor per battery. This paper proposes a different approach to detect the low electrolyte level, which neither requires invasive sensors nor one sensor for each battery. The approach is based on the estimation of the internal resistance of an equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) model of the battery. To establish the detection criterion of the low level of electrolytes, a statistical analysis is proposed. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to be considered a valid method, multiple experiments were performed. The experiments consisted of determining how the internal resistance is affected at eight different levels of electrolyte at different aging levels of vented lead–acid (VLA) batteries. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. Hence, this approach has the potential to be used for the reducing of sensors and avoiding invasive methods to determine the low level of electrolytes.

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“…The incorrect dosage of barium sulfate in the negative paste and the poor quality of the soaking and formation processes facilitate the appearance of the hard sulfating phenomenon. The hard sulfating phenomenon shows the variation of the Warburg impedance Z w . In fact, this impedance Z w represents the diffusion phenomenon, which is the displacement of a species under the effect of a gradient of chemical potential.…”

Section: Degradation Analysis Of the Lead Acid Battery During The Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hard sulfating phenomenon shows the variation of the Warburg impedance Z w . 47 In fact, this impedance Z w represents the diffusion phenomenon, which is the displacement of a species under the effect of a gradient of chemical potential. The hard sulfating phenomenon causes the slowdown of the diffusion of the acid, and consequently, the active mass becomes less accessible, and the rated capacity decreases.…”

Section: Figure 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal tree analysis for quality control of the lead acid battery manufacturing process

2018

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Summary The aim of this paper is the quality control of the manufactured lead acid battery by using the causal and fault tree analysis. The causal tree allows the description of the correlations between the battery degradation modes and their causes during the manufacturing process. The causes of the degradation are the low quality of lead oxide, low grid oxidation, bad adjustment of temperature and density, wrong dosage of additives, irregular dosage of lead calcium or lead antimony, and existence of impurities. These causes facilitate the appearance of the degradation modes during the battery use such as the stratification of electrolyte, poor cohesion of active mass, hard sulfating, and corrosion of electrodes. The consequences of the several causes during the manufacturing process on the parameters of the electrical equivalent circuit of the battery are discussed to elaborate the fault tree and analyze the new manufactured lead acid battery quality. In fact, a diagnostic method based on the analysis of the electrical equivalent circuit parameters' variation is developed. This diagnostic method allows the determination of the rated capacity loss and the degradation depth of new manufactured lead acid battery. Therefore, this study allows identifying the causes leading to manufacturing defects and their impact on the available rated capacity of the battery to judge its quality.

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Evolution of internal resistance during formation of flooded lead-acid batteries

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

On the Compatibility of Electric Equivalent Circuit Models for Enhanced Flooded Lead Acid Batteries Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

On the Compatibility of Electric Equivalent Circuit Models for Enhanced Flooded Lead Acid Batteries Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Detection of Low Electrolyte Level for Vented Lead–Acid Batteries Based on Electrical Measurements

Causal tree analysis for quality control of the lead acid battery manufacturing process

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