Evolution of increased adult longevity in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> populations selected for adaptation to larval crowding

Shenoi, Vinesh Naresh; Ali, Syed Zeeshan; Prasad, Nagaraj Guru

doi:10.1111/jeb.12795

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Several studies have reported increased lifespan (e.g. Miller and Thomas, 1958;Lints and Lints, 1969;Zwaan et al, 1991;Dudas and Arking, 1995;Shenoi et al, 2016), enhanced starvation tolerance (Mueller et al, 1993), increased additive genetic variance (Imasheva and Bubliy, 2003) or elimination of fungal growth (Wertheim et al, 2002) under crowded conditions. However, some of these effects remain controversial as a result of inconsistent observations or limited experimental support (Baldal et al, 2005;Moghadam et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormesis-like effect of mild larval crowding on thermotolerance inDrosophilaflies

Henry

Renault

Colinet

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Crowding is a complex stress that can affect organisms' physiology, especially through decreased food quality and accessibility. Here, we evaluated the effect of larval density on several biological traits of An increasing gradient, from 1 to 1000 eggs per milliliter of food, was used to characterize life-history traits variations. Crowded conditions resulted in striking decreases of fresh mass (up to 6-fold) and viability, as well as delayed development. Next, we assessed heat and cold tolerance in L3 larvae reared at three selected larval densities: low (LD, 5 eggs ml), medium (MD, 60 eggs ml) and high (HD, 300 eggs ml). LT values of MD and, to a lesser extent, HD larvae were repeatedly higher than those from LD larvae, under both heat and cold stress. We investigated potential physiological correlates associated with this density-dependent thermotolerance shift. No marked pattern could be drawn from the expression of stress-related genes. However, a metabolomic analysis differentiated the metabotypes of the three density levels, with potential candidates associated with this clustering (e.g. glucose 6-phosphate, GABA, sugars and polyols). Under HD, signs of oxidative stress were noted but not confirmed at the transcriptional level. Finally, urea, a common metabolic waste, was found to accumulate substantially in food from MD and HD larvae. When supplemented in food, urea stimulated cold tolerance but reduced heat tolerance in LD larvae. This study highlights that larval crowding is an important environmental parameter that induces drastic consequences on flies' physiology and can affect thermotolerance in a density-specific way.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormesis-like effect of mild larval crowding on thermotolerance inDrosophilaflies

Henry

Renault

Colinet

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Previous studies on our populations show that despite their smaller body size, the MCU males have evolved higher lifespan (Shenoi et al ., ), higher courtship (Shenoi, V.N., Banerjee, S.M., Guruswamy, B., Sen, S., Ali, S.Z. & Prasad, N.G., unpublished data) and larger relative testes size (Shenoi, V.N., Negi, A., Singh, A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Previous studies (e.g. Ribó et al ., ; Shenoi et al ., ) show that the reproductive (adult) phase of D. melanogaster can be greatly affected by the developmental (larval) phase. Larval density affects adult life‐history traits like body size (Miller & Thomas, ; Nagarajan et al ., ), fecundity (Alpatov, ; Pearl, ), lifespan (Miller & Thomas, ; Economos & Lints, ; Zwaan et al ., ) and reproductive success (Ribó et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in our selection regime, we would expect that adaptation in the MCU and MB populations would extend into the adult stage, even though explicit selection is on the larval stage. Consistent with this idea, we find that adult longevity (Shenoi et al ., ), courtship frequency (Shenoi, V.N., Banerjee, S.M., Guruswamy, B., Sen, S., Ali, S.Z. & Prasad, N.G., unpublished data) and starvation resistance (Shenoi, V.N., Biswajit, S., Bansal, N., Singh, A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local adaptation to developmental density does not lead to higher mating success in Drosophila melanogaster

Shenoi

Prasad

2016

J of Evolutionary Biology

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In this study, we investigate the effect of local adaptation to developmental density on male mating success in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Mating success is known to be influenced by body condition which can in turn be influenced by local adaptation. We test the hypothesis that males adapted to a given environment have higher mating success when assayed in that environment. We used males selected for adaptation to high larval density and their controls which are reared at low larval density. We grew assay males in low and high densities whereas the focal females (raised at low larval density) used for the experiment belonged to the common ancestor of selected and control populations. We considered selected males grown at high density and control males grown at low density as 'adapted'. Similarly, we considered selected males grown at low density and control males grown at high density as 'nonadapted'. Selected male belonging to a given treatment (larval density) was made to compete with control male of the same treatment for mating with ancestral female. We quantified components of reproductive fitness: mating latency, copulation duration, mating success and number of progeny sired by the 'adapted' and 'nonadapted' males. The results show that local adaptation does not lead to higher mating success in populations adapted to their own larval rearing environment.

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“…Indeed, the absence of divergence in developmental durations between the treatments was not expected, as juvenile rearing environment is predicted to have strong phenotypic effects on larval development and longevity. Typical responses to increased larval population density are prolonged developmental duration and smaller adult body weights (McNamara et al, 2010;Shenoi et al, 2016). Previous studies on P. interpunctella and the closely related almond moth, Cadra cautella, have shown that juvenile males reared at low population density had a longer juvenile developmental duration and subsequently had a longer adult lifespan (Gage, 1995;McNamara et al, 2010).…”

Section: Male Femalementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evolution reveals differences between phenotypic and evolutionary responses to population density

McNamara

Simmons

2017

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Group living can select for increased immunity, given the heightened risk of parasite transmission. Yet, it also may select for increased male reproductive investment, given the elevated risk of female multiple mating. Trade-offs between immunity and reproduction are well documented. Phenotypically, population density mediates both reproductive investment and immune function in the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. However, the evolutionary response of populations to these traits is unknown. We created two replicated populations of P. interpunctella, reared and mated for 14 generations under high or low population densities. These population densities cause plastic responses in immunity and reproduction: at higher numbers, both sexes invest more in one index of immunity [phenoloxidase (PO) activity] and males invest more in sperm. Interestingly, our data revealed divergence in PO and reproduction in a different direction to previously reported phenotypic responses. Males evolving at low population densities transferred more sperm, and both males and females displayed higher PO than individuals at high population densities. These positively correlated responses to selection suggest no apparent evolutionary trade-off between immunity and reproduction. We speculate that the reduced PO activity and sperm investment when evolving under high population density may be due to the reduced population fitness predicted under increased sexual conflict and/or to trade-offs between pre- and post-copulatory traits.

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Evolution of increased adult longevity in Drosophila melanogaster populations selected for adaptation to larval crowding

Cited by 28 publications

References 63 publications

Hormesis-like effect of mild larval crowding on thermotolerance inDrosophilaflies

Hormesis-like effect of mild larval crowding on thermotolerance inDrosophilaflies

Local adaptation to developmental density does not lead to higher mating success in Drosophila melanogaster

Experimental evolution reveals differences between phenotypic and evolutionary responses to population density

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