Evolution of immune systems from self/not self to danger to artificial immune systems (AIS)

Cooper, Edwin L.

doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2009.12.001

Cited by 82 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 91 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The characteristic time for the response of B and T K is taken to be τ ∈ [14,60], since the AIM phase is estimated to range from 2 weeks up to 2 months, while for our synapse, we explore starting from ≥ 90 days (as the tunable parameter is the ratio τ/ , the previous choice does not modify the results). Furthermore, while the signal s 2 is constant, the signal s 1 (representing the real antigenic load) is taken exponentially decaying, in such a way, that the effective time of its offset is t s .…”

Section: On the Mixed Synapse And Time Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can persistent Epstein–Barr virus infection induce chronic fatigue syndrome as a Pavlov reflex of the immune response?

Agliari

Barra

Vidal

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Dynamics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a protracted illness condition (lasting even years) appearing with strong flu symptoms and systemic defiances by the immune system. Here, by means of statistical mechanics techniques, we study the most widely accepted picture for its genesis, namely a persistent acute mononucleosis infection, and we show how such infection may drive the immune system toward an out-of-equilibrium metastable state displaying chronic activation of both humoral and cellular responses (a state of full inflammation without a direct "causes-effect" reason). By exploiting a bridge with a neural scenario, we mirror killer lymphocytes TK and B cells to neurons and helper lymphocytes TH 1 , TH 2 to synapses, hence showing that the immune system may experience the Pavlov conditional reflex phenomenon: if the exposition to a stimulus (EBV antigens) lasts for too long, strong internal correlations among B, TK , TH may develop ultimately resulting in a persistent activation even though the stimulus itself is removed. These outcomes are corroborated by several experimental findings.

show abstract

Section: On the Mixed Synapse And Time Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can persistent Epstein–Barr virus infection induce chronic fatigue syndrome as a Pavlov reflex of the immune response?

Agliari

Barra

Vidal

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Dynamics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Differences in animal evolution and morphology have led to associations with either or both of these systems. Primarily, vertebrates employ some combination of the two systems, while invertebrates tend only to have access to the innate immune system [25,27]. Invertebrates do not possess a T-cell-like recognition system, whereas vertebrates have a highly specialized recognition system against non-self components [28].…”

Section: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotic Immune Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, evolution, and therapeutic applications of small RNAs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic immune systems

Cooper

Overstreet

2014

Physics of Life Reviews

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent evidence supports that prokaryotes exhibit adaptive immunity in the form of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats) and Cas (CRISPR associated proteins). The CRISPR-Cas system confers resistance to exogenous genetic elements such as phages and plasmids by allowing for the recognition and silencing of these genetic elements. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas serves as a memory of past exposures. This suggests that the evolution of the immune system has counterparts among the prokaryotes, not exclusively among eukaryotes. Mathematical models have been proposed which simulate the evolutionary patterns of CRISPR, however large gaps in our understanding of CRISPR-Cas function and evolution still exist. The CRISPR-Cas system is analogous to small RNAs involved in resistance mechanisms throughout the tree of life, and a deeper understanding of the evolution of small RNA pathways is necessary before the relationship between these convergent systems is to be determined. Presented in this review are novel RNAi therapies based on CRISPR-Cas analogs and the potential for future therapies based on CRISPR-Cas system components.

show abstract

“…Linear and nonlinear interactions can be considered (Bellomo, 2010). In general, these interactions have different outputs such as modification of the biological state, proliferative and/or destructive events, transition from one functional subsystem to the other (mutation), see (Schwartz, 2004;Nowak and Sigmund, 2004;Frank, 2007;Weinberg, 2007;Cooper, 2009) Step 5: Validation of specific models. This is a very delicate issue considering that it must be based on empirical data related to experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Research Perspectives on Thermostatted Kinetic Models

Bianca¹

2015

Journal of Mathematics and Statistics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents the new research directions that can be followed in the modeling of complex living systems by means of the tools of the thermostatted kinetic theory. The main aim is to invite the researchers that work in the field of applied mathematics to contribute to further developments of the theory with particular attention to applications in biology, crowds and swarm dynamics, economic and social systems.

show abstract

Evolution of immune systems from self/not self to danger to artificial immune systems (AIS)

Cited by 82 publications

References 91 publications

Can persistent Epstein–Barr virus infection induce chronic fatigue syndrome as a Pavlov reflex of the immune response?

Can persistent Epstein–Barr virus infection induce chronic fatigue syndrome as a Pavlov reflex of the immune response?

Diversity, evolution, and therapeutic applications of small RNAs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic immune systems

New Research Perspectives on Thermostatted Kinetic Models

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About